XII - 12th International Symposium - Digestive Physiology of Pigs

Digestive
Physiology
of Pigs
Key words: E. coli K88 + , pig gut health, S. cerevisiae fermentation
product
1013 expression of heat shock protein 27 in gut tissue
of growing pigs fed diets without and with inclusion
of chicory fiber. H. Y. Liu,* T. Lundh, J. Dicksved,
and J. E. Lindberg, Department of Animal Nutrition and
Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Science,
Uppsala, Sweden.
Cytoprotective heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27), one of the
major inducible chaperones present in intestinal epithelial
cells (IEC), is known to be regulated by various factors
including the gut microbiota, their metabolites and probably
the diet. The aim of the present work was to localize Hsp27
expression in the gut of healthy pigs and to study if the
expression could be linked to the bacterial community
structure and related diet effects. Eighteen 7-week-old pigs
were fed one of 3 fiber- rich diets for 18 d, comprising a
cereal-based control (C) diet and a cereal-based diet with
inclusion of either 80 g kg −1 chicory forage (CF80) or chicory
root (CR80). Gut tissue samples were collected from
distal ileum and proximal colon for immunohistochemical
staining of Hsp27. Digesta samples were collected from
the same sites for bacterial community structure analysis
using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism
(T-RFLP). Blood was collected to determine the circulating
Hsp27 level by ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed
with PROC MIXED, PROC FREQ and PROC CORR in
SAS (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA, version 9.1). Cluster
analysis of TRF data was generated using Spearman rank
correlation. The Hsp27 was 100% positively stained in both
distal ileum and proximal colon samples, while very low
level (0.02 ng ml −1 ) of Hsp27 was detected in serum. Hsp27
expression was most intensive in the surface of the IEC
in direct contact with luminal contents, lighter in crypt cells
and limited in lamina propria. The ileal Peyerâ€s patches,
where lymphocytes aggregate, showed a strong expression
of Hsp27. This expression was highly correlated (Pearson
correlation = 0.853, P < 0.0001) with Hsp27 expression in
the ileal epithelial cells. The frequency of Hsp27 expression
was distributed differently between diets. Interestingly, the
ileal microbial composition was distinct from colon, shown
as 2 separate clusters. However, no difference was detected
in diversity between the 2 segments. This indicates that
the unique bacterial community structure, rather than the
overall richness, might be associated with Hsp expression.
Key words: heat shock protein 27, gut, chicory
1014 effect of pea protein-alginate encapsulation on
viability of freeze-dried Bifidobacterium adolescentis
during storage. J. Wang* 1 , M. Nickerson 2 , N. Low 2 , T.
Scott 1 , and A. Van Kessel 1 , 1 Department of Animal and Poultry
Science, University of Saskatchewan,Saskatchewan,
Canada, 2 Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences,
University of Saskatchewan,Saskatchewan, Canada.
The overall goal of this research was to investigate the effect
of pea protein isolate (PPI)-alginate (AL) encapsulation
on the viability of Bifidobacterium adolescentis during
storage. Early stationary phase B. adolescentis cultures
XII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON
DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF PIGS
43
Session I
were centrifuged, washed and either resuspended in 1
volume of 15% skim milk and 0.5 volume of 30% glucose
(BA) or encapsulated in a 4.0% PPI, 0.5% AL and 1.0%
fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) solution followed by extrusion
and CaCl2 crosslinking. Capsules were prepared without
additives (PPC), with 0.25% skim milk and 0.075% glucose
(PPC-M), 1.5% glycerol (PPC-G) or 0.02% cysteine-HCl
(PPC-H). After freeze drying, the moisture content, particle
size and loss of probiotic viability in simulated gastric juice
(SGJ, pH 2.0) were determined. Aliquots were sealed in
plastic bags with or without vacuum and stored at −80°C or
room temperature (RT). Probiotic viability was determined
(n = 3) on d 0, 14, and 44 of storage. No difference in mean
moisture content (6.51%) and particle size (1720 mm)
was observed among groups. Following SGJ challenge,
a significant (P < 0.01) reduction (log cfu/g) in viable B.
adolescentis of 4.78 ± 0.17 a , 1.82 ± 0.13 b , 1.51 ± 0.14 bc ,
1.21 ± 0.14 c and 1.18 ± 0.16 c was observed for BA, PPC,
PPC-H, PPC-M, and PPC-G, respectively. After storage at
−80°C for 44 d, the reduction (log cfu/g) in viable counts
was 0.90 ± 0.31 for BA, which was significantly (P < 0.01)
more than the other groups. After storage at RT for 14
d, the reduction (log cfu/g) in viable counts differed (P <
0.01) for BA (2.64 ± 0.16 a ), PPC (2.32 ± 0.17 ab ), PPC-M
(2.05 ± 0.29 bc ), PPC-G (1.83 ± 0.24 c ) and PPC-H (1.75 ±
0.28 c ). Vacuum packaging did not improve probiotic viability
at −80°C; however at RT vacuum packaging reduced (P
< 0.05) viability loss (2.21 ± 0.34 vs. 2.02 ± 0.44).The
results showed that the encapsulation of B. adolescentis in
a pea protein-alginate matrix improved its viability in both
SGJ and during storage. Additives and vacuum packaging
provided additional storage protection. Further testing of
the efficacy during feed processing and transit within the
pig gastrointestinal tract are warranted.
Key words: probiotic, encapsulation, pea protein
1015 effect of wheat DDGS or sugar beet pulp on prevalence
of Salmonella enteric Typhimurium in weaned
pigs. L. W. Thomson* 1 , R. Pieper 2,1 , J. K. Marshall 1 , and
A. G. Van Kessel 1 , 1 University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon,
Saskatchewan, Canada, 2 Institute of Animal Nutrition,
Fachbereich Veterinarmedizin, Berlin, Germany, Europe.
Salmonella enterica Typhimurium (ST) is of concern in
the swine industry with relevance for animal health and
consumer safety. Nutritional strategies might help to
reduce ST infection and transmission. This study examined
the potential of wheat distillers dried grains with solubles
(DDGS) and sugar beet pulp (SBP) to alter intestinal
microbial communities and ST shedding using a Trojan
model. Weaned pigs (n = 105; 28.5 ± 3.5 d of age) were
separated into 3 treatment groups (7 pigs/pen) and fed a
wheat based control diet, or the control diet formulated with
15% wheat DDGS or 6% SBP inclusion. Following 12 d
of diet adaptation, 2 pigs per pen were inoculated with 2
× 10 9 cfu ST, resistant to Novabiocin and Naladixic acid.
Fecal swabs were taken from infected pigs and pen-mates
(contact pigs) for 9 d following challenge, enriched in nutrient
broth for 24 h and plated on selective media to determine
prevalence of ST. The ranges of prevalence of ST in feces
were from 90 to 100% in challenged pigs, and 74–78% in