XII - 12th International Symposium - Digestive Physiology of Pigs

Recommendations

Info

Digestive Physiology of Pigs 2000 Promoting mucosal immunity—Developing new efficacious probiotics. D. Kelly,* RINH, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland. The gastrointestinal tract contains large numbers of microorganisms, collectively known as the gut microbiota. The early microbiota is derived from both maternal and environmental sources and is affected by factors such as genotype, antibiotics and nutrition. The early microbiota is heterogeneous and dynamic, reflecting the mixture of microbial populations associated with the environment. Recent studies have shown that the first period of postnatal life is characterized by fluctuating microbial diversity until convergence toward a stable adult microbiota. The microbiota has several important physiological properties including promoting pathogen resistance and immune development. The ability to limit pathogen colonization is either due to competition for similar micro-niches within the gut or to the production of antimicrobial factors. The immune modulatory effects of the gut microbiota are immense and a mechanistic understanding of how bacteria influence immune development and regulation is emerging. In the healthy animal a delicate balance is maintained between beneficial and potentially harmful bacteria. Imbalances between health promoting commensal bacteria and pathogens drives a wide range of mucosal and systemic immune responses that can be costly to health, growth and performance. Supplementing beneficial microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract to improve intestinal function and boost animal growth and performance is considered an important and desirable alternative to antibiotic use. Probiotics which, by definition are ‘live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host’ provide an important opportunity to beneficially manipulate the gut microbiota. A large number of studies have failed to consistently demonstrate efficacy of current probiotics. However, new rigorous scientific screening approaches designed to select bacterial strains with robust biological efficacy provide an exciting opportunity for the development and exploitation of new generation of probiotics with proven ability to promote healthy immune function and limit enteric infections. 2001 effects of capsicum and turmeric oleoresins on performance, diarrhea, gut morphology, immune and inflammatory status of weaned pigs infected with a pathogenic E. coli. Y. Liu1 , M. Song1 , JA Soares1 , D. Bravo2 , C. M. Maddox1 , J. E. Pettigrew1 , and C. Oguey* 2 , 1 2 University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA, Pancosma SA, Geneva, Switzerland. Plant extracts are known to positively impact gut function and immune modulation. The objective of this trial was to evaluate if capsicum (CAP) and turmeric (TUR) oleoresins could affect performance, diarrhea, gut morphology, immune and inflammatory status of weaned piglets infected with a pathogenic F-18 E. coli. Weaned pigs (6.3 kg BW, 21 d old) were housed in disease containment chambers for 15 d and allocated to treatments according to a factorial arrangement (8 animals/treatment). First factor was with or without a F-18 E. coli challenge with 10 10 cfu/mL daily oral XII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF PIGS 92 Session III dose for 3 d from d 0. Second factor was the diet type: control diet (CON), 10 ppm CAP or TUR. Performance parameters were measured at d 0, 5 and 11. On d 5 and 11, one-half of the pigs were euthanized to collect intestine to measure villi height (VH), crypt depth (CD), and their ratio (VH:CD). Diarrhea (DS) was daily scored individually (1: normal, to 5: watery diarrhea). Frequency of diarrhea (FD) was the percentage of pig days with DS ≥3. Blood was collected on d 0, 5, and 11 to measure white blood cell (WBC) counts, serum TNF-α and haptoglobin. The infection reduced overall performance and VH and increased DS and FD as expected. It increased (P ≤ 0.05) lymphocytes, TNF- α and haptoglobin on d 5, and WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and haptoglobin on d 11. In sham group, plant extracts improved (P ≤ 0.05) ADG from d 0 to 5 and reduced average DS from d 0 to 5 and FD. On d 5, CAP and TUR decreased (P ≤ 0.05) haptoglobin. In challenged group, plant extracts reduced (P ≤ 0.05) DS from d 3 to 5 and d 9 to 11, and overall FD. Plant extracts increased ileal VH on d 5 (P ≤ 0.05), jejunum VH (P ≤ 0.1) and VH:CD (P ≤ 0.1), without affecting growth performance. CAP decreased (P ≤ 0.05) TNF-α (−22.8%) and haptoglobin (−41.2%) on d 5, and WBC (−32.9%) and neutrophils (−39.4%) on d 11. TUR decreased (P ≤ 0.05) TNF-α (−20.7%) on d5 and neutrophils (−40%) on d 11. This demonstrated that CAP and TUR positively affected performance, gut health humoral and cellular immune responses of pigs infected with E. coli. Key words: plant extracts, E. coli, disease resistance 2002 Influence of the feed physical form (grinding intensity/compaction) on the incidence of immune cells, the mannose content in the mucus and the in vitro adhesion of Salmonella Typhimurium in the porcine intestine. S. J. Sander* 1 , A. Callies 1 , A. Beineke 2 , J. Verspohl 1 , and J. Kamphues 1 , 1 Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany, 2 Institute for Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany. Former studies showed an influence of the feed structure on the secretion pattern of intestinal mucins (neutral/acid). The aim of the following studies was to evaluate further potential effects of feed physical form on the intestinal immune response of young pigs; first by evaluating numbers of IgA-secreting plasma cells (IgA-SC) and mast cells, second by determining the density of mannose in the intestinal mucus as a receptor for Salmonellae and third the in vitro adhesion of Salmonellae without the digesta as influencing factor. Forty-eight pigs (45 ± 3 d, 14.2 ± 2.35 kg BW) were fed identical diets as a coarse meal (CM) or a finely ground pellet (FP). After 6 wk, tissue from the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and colon were fixed in formaldehyde or Carnoy’s solution. The first were stained immunohistologically for IgA-SC and mast cells; counts were expressed as cells/10,000µm 2 lamina propria. The second were stained with the lectin GNA (binds specifically to mannose). The GNA-stained secreted mucus was scored by 1 = < 25%, 2 = 25–50%, 3 = 50–75%, 4 = > 75% of the whole mucus. Ileal and cecal mucosa were incubated with S. Typhimurium, washed and diluted to count
Digestive Physiology of Pigs Salmonellae adhering to the mucus/mucosa. Throughout the whole intestine, lower numbers of IgA-SC were found after feeding the CM compared with the FP with significant differences in the ileum and cecum (ileum: 17.7 ± 4.74 vs. 22.9 ± 6.90, P = 0.04; cecum: 20.9 ± 4.14 vs. 25.6 ± 5.71 IgA-SC/10,000µm 2 , P = 0.03). In contrast, mast cells varied on a low level with ~1.2 cells/10,000µm 2 without differences between the groups. Lectin histochemistry did not reveal differences in the mannose density in the mucus with scores varying between 3.6 and 3.9 in the ileum as well as in the cecum. In the in vitro model Salmonella counts were about 7.1 lg cfu/g tissue in the ileum for both groups. In the cecum counts of 6.7 ± 0.30 (CM) and 6.8 ± 0.21 (FP) lg cfu/g were obtained; results were not significantly different (P = 0.63). Although the number of IgA-SC was lower after feeding the CM diet, perhaps due to higher protective properties of the intestinal mucus layer (higher amounts of acid mucins), feed structure had neither an influence on the in vitro adhesion of Salmonellae nor on the mannose density in the mucus as a receptor for Salmonellae. Key words: particle size, Salmonella, immune cells 2003 heat stress reduces barrier function and alters intestinal metabolism in growing pigs. S. C. Pearce* 1 , V. Mani 1 , R. L. Boddicker 1 , J. S. Johnson 1 , T. E. Weber 1,2 , J. W. Ross 1 , L. H. Baumgard 1 , and N. K. Gabler 1 , 1 Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA, 2 USDA-ARS, Ames, IA, USA. High ambient temperature exposure can cause major reductions in intestinal function, pig performance and if severe enough, mortality. Therefore, our objective was to examine how acute heat stress (HS) alters growing pig intestinal integrity and metabolism. Individually penned crossbred gilts and barrows (46 ± 6 kg BW) were exposed to either thermal neutral (TN, 21°C; 35–50% humidity; n = 8) or HS conditions (35°C; 24–43% humidity; n = 8) for 24 h. All pigs had ad libitum access to feed and water. Rectal temperature (Tr), respiration rates (RR), body weight (BW) and feed intake (FI) were measured. Pigs were sacrificed after 24 h of environmental exposure and freshly isolated ileum and colon samples were mounted into modified Ussing chambers. Segments were analyzed for glucose and glutamine nutrient transport and barrier integrity (transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled dextran transport). Additionally, circulating blood concentrations of glucose and endotoxin were measured along with ileal lactase, maltase, sucrase and L-alanine aminopeptidase activities. As expected, pigs exposed to HS had an increase in Tr (39.3 vs. 40.9°C, P < 0.01) and RR (52 vs.119 bpm, P < 0.05). Heat stress decreased FI (53%; P < 0.05) and BW (−2.2 kg; P < 0.05) compared with TN pigs. Compared with TN pigs, mucosal heat shock protein 70 increased (101%, P < 0.05), while intestinal integrity was compromised in the HS pigs (ileum and colon TER decreased 52 and 24%, respectively; P < 0.05). Furthermore, serum endotoxin concentrations increased 200% due to HS (P = 0.05). Intestinal glucose transport and blood glucose were elevated due to HS (P < 0.05). However, ileal sucrase and maltase activities decreased in HS pigs (30 and 24%, respectively; P < 0.05). XII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF PIGS 93 Session III There were no differences (P = 0.09) in intestinal glutamine transport or ileal aminopeptidase activity (P = 0.17). Altogether, these data indicate that high ambient heat loads reduce intestinal integrity and increase circulating endotoxin and stress in pigs. Furthermore, glucose transport and digestive capacity are altered during acute HS. This work was supported by USDA NIFA grant #2011–67003–30007. Key words: heat stress, Intestine 2004 effects of supplementation with Laminara hyperborea, Laminara digitata and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the IL17 pathway in the porcine colon. M. T. Ryan 1 , C. J. O’Shea, C. B. Collins 1 , J. V. O’Dotherty 2 , and T. Sweeney* 1 , 1 School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Life Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland, 2 School of Agriculture and Food Science, College of Life Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. β-glucans are natural biomolecules which have been shown to have immunomodulatory activity in the colon. These glucose polymers vary widely in their biochemical properties depending on their source. Seaweed β-glucans have been shown to induce reduced expression of the signature T h 17 cytokine IL17a in the porcine colon. The T h 17 cells are a distinct lineage of CD4 + T cells characterized by the secretion of cytokines IL17 and IL22 and which serve to protect the host from bacterial and fungal infections, particularly at mucosal surfaces. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of supplementing feeds with β-glucans derived from Laminara hyperborea, Laminara digitata, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on several cytokines, receptors and signal transducing molecules relevant to the IL17 pathway in the porcine colon. Weaned 49-d-old pigs were allocated to one of the following 4 dietary groups (n = 8 per group) for 28 d: Basal Diet (BD), BD + β-glucans from L. hyperborea, BD + β-glucans from L. digitata and BD + β-glucans from S. cerevisiae. The β-glucans were included at 250 mg/kg in the diets. The RNA was purified from the colon tissues of euthanised pigs. Real-time PCR was used to quantify cytokines (IL5, IL6, IL12, IL17a, IL17F, IL21, IL22, IL23), transcription factors (ROR c/ γ and STAT3) and receptors (IL23Ra, IL17R). Expression of the transcription factors ROR c/γ and STAT3, the IL17a receptor and IL21 genes were not changed in any of the supplemented groups in comparison to BD. All other cytokine genes were downregulated in the S. cerevisiae supplemented group in comparison to BD. Supplementation with L. digitata resulted in a downregulation of targets; IL17a (P = 0.01), IL22 (P = 0.01), IL12b (P = 0.1) and IL6 (P = 0.016). Supplementation with L. hyperborea resulted in a downregulation of targets; IL17a (P = 0.02), IL17F (P = 0.05), IL22 (P = 0.01), IL23RA (P = 0.04) and IL6 (P = 0.014). The results indicate that β-glucans from all 3 sources have an immunosuppressing effect on T h 17 cell types in the gut, most probably mediated through the downregulation of their key activator IL6. Key words: β-glucans, colon, T h 17 2005 The influence of dietary locust bean gum and live yeast on some digestive immunological parameters of
Page 1 and 2:
Digestive Physiology of Pigs XII IN
Page 3:
XII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DIGE
Page 6 and 7:
It’s about you. It’s about your
Page 8 and 9:
Discover our ranges of additives de
Page 10 and 11:
Elanco would like to extend two wel
Page 12 and 13:
Maximizes energy for flexible feed
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Digestive Physiology of Pigs Tuesda
Page 19 and 20:
Digestive Physiology of Pigs 4:10 p
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Digestive Physiology of Pigs Lachno
Page 43 and 44: Digestive Physiology of Pigs The PC
Page 45 and 46: Digestive Physiology of Pigs Key wo
Page 47 and 48: Digestive Physiology of Pigs subtil
Page 49 and 50: Digestive Physiology of Pigs change
Page 51 and 52: Digestive Physiology of Pigs R. Min
Page 53: Digestive Physiology of Pigs d 7, 1
Page 56 and 57: Digestive Physiology of Pigs 1036 I
Page 58 and 59: Digestive Physiology of Pigs Jones
Page 60 and 61: Digestive Physiology of Pigs feed e
Page 62 and 63: Digestive Physiology of Pigs flow r
Page 64 and 65: Digestive Physiology of Pigs Hannov
Page 66 and 67: Digestive Physiology of Pigs phytas
Page 68 and 69: Digestive Physiology of Pigs Animal
Page 70 and 71: Digestive Physiology of Pigs 1075 e
Page 72 and 73: Digestive Physiology of Pigs mixtur
Page 74 and 75: Digestive Physiology of Pigs Thes
Page 76 and 77: Digestive Physiology of Pigs g NDF
Page 78 and 79: Digestive Physiology of Pigs SBM to
Page 82 and 83: Digestive Physiology of Pigs The ex
Page 84 and 85: Digestive Physiology of Pigs At 1 h
Page 86 and 87: Digestive Physiology of Pigs J. J.
Page 88 and 89: Digestive Physiology of Pigs Freeze
Page 90 and 91: Digestive Physiology of Pigs Scienc
Page 92 and 93: Digestive Physiology of Pigs 0 to 5
Page 96 and 97: Digestive Physiology of Pigs piglet
Page 98 and 99: Digestive Physiology of Pigs 5% oxi
Page 100 and 101: Digestive Physiology of Pigs no eff
Page 102 and 103: Digestive Physiology of Pigs of neu
Page 104 and 105: Digestive Physiology of Pigs immune
Page 107 and 108: Digestive Physiology of Pigs XII IN
Page 109 and 110: Digestive Physiology of Pigs (1.4 g
Page 111 and 112: Digestive Physiology of Pigs 17.7 d
Page 113 and 114: Digestive Physiology of Pigs Medici
Page 115: Digestive Physiology of Pigs of the
Page 118 and 119: Digestive Physiology of Pigs 3000 I
Page 120 and 121: Digestive Physiology of Pigs Fecal
Page 122 and 123: Digestive Physiology of Pigs cell h
Page 124 and 125: Digestive Physiology of Pigs 3016 R
Page 126 and 127: Digestive Physiology of Pigs Matern
Page 131 and 132: Digestive Physiology of Pigs period
Page 135 and 136: Digestive Physiology of Pigs pigs
Page 139 and 140: Digestive Physiology of Pigs abunda
Page 141 and 142: Digestive Physiology of Pigs meal w
Page 143 and 144: Digestive Physiology of Pigs double
Page 145 and 146:
Digestive Physiology of Pigs h, 50%
Page 148:
show all

XII - 12th International Symposium - Digestive Physiology of Pigs

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?