XII - 12th International Symposium - Digestive Physiology of Pigs

Digestive
Physiology
of Pigs
Key words: gastric ulcer, grinding intensity, intragastric
mileu
3048 The effects of supplementations with two potassium
formate sources on performance of 8 to 22 kg
pigs. J. K. Htoo* 1 and J. Morales 2 , 1 Evonik Industries AG,
Hanau, Germany, 2 PigChampPro Europa, SL, Segovia,
Spain.
Dietary inclusion of salts of organic acids may modulate
intestinal microbiota and enhance pig performance.
Published data on the effects of K-formate (46.5% K and
53.5% formate; pH 6.0–8.5) on pig performance are scarce
compared with that of K-diformate (65% K-formate and
35% formic acid; pH 4.1–4.5). Therefore, the objective
was to evaluate the effects of K-diformate or K-formate
supplementation on performance of 8 to 22 kg pigs. A 35-d
growth trial was conducted with 144 PIC pigs (initial BW of
7.9 ± 1.1 kg) with 6 pigs (3 gilts and 3 barrows) per pen and 8
pens per treatment. Pigs were blocked by BW and assigned
to 3 diets based on corn, wheat and soybean meal for each
of the pre-starter (d 1–21) and starter phases (d 22–35). The
basal diets contained no antibiotics and met requirements
for AA (1.25 and 1.12% standardized ileal digestible
Lys for pre-starter and starter phase) and NE (2486 and
2414 kcal/kg for pre-starter and starter phase). The basal
diet for each phase was supplemented with K-diformate
at 1.20% or K-formate at 1.56% replacing corn starch to
create diets 2 and 3, respectively. Room temperature was
controlled at 26°C during wk 1 and gradually reduced by
1°C per week. The ADG during the pre-starter, starter and
overall periods increased (P < 0.05) by K-diformate or
K-formate supplementation. The BW on d 35 of pigs fed diet
supplemented with K-diformate or K-formate were higher
(P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed the basal diet. The ADFI
was not affected by the treatments. The supplementation of
K-diformate improved (P < 0.05) FCR during the pre-starter
and overall periods while K-formate addition improved (P <
0.05) FCR during the pre-starter, starter and overall periods.
Performance of pigs fed diets supplemented with K-formate
and K-diformate were similar and no effects of K-formate
source were observed. Diarrhea incidences were observed
mainly during wk 1 but no differences were observed (P
> 0.05) among treatments with respect to the number of
required antibiotic treatments and the fecal consistency
scores. Overall, the supplementation of K-diformate or
K-formate improved the performance of weaned pigs.
Key words: K-diformate, K-formate, weaned pigs
3049 Reduced small intestinal α-amylase activity
in the presence of soluble fibre arabinoxylan. A. M.
Pluschke* 1,2 , M. J. Gidley 1,2 , and B. A. Williams 1,2 , 1 The
University of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food
Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 2 ARC Centre of Excellence
in Plant Cell Walls, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Soluble dietary fibers (SDFs) such as arabinoxylan (AX),
the major cell wall polysaccharide of wheat endosperm, are
associated with reduced rates of starch digestion in the small
intestine, though the causes of this are unclear. The aim of
this work was to examine the hypothesis that dietary AX
XII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON
DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF PIGS
138
Session VII
reduces the activity of amylase available for starch digestion
in the porcine small intestine, which would potentially have
an effect on the glycaemic response of animals fed a starchcontaining
diet. Twelve Large White male pigs were housed
individually and were fed a highly digestible diet based on
wheat starch, egg powder, whey protein concentrate, palm
oil and sunflower oil for 2 weeks before digesta collection,
either with or without 10% wheat AX. Digesta was collected
from the stomach and small intestine (SI-6 sub-sections)
under anesthetic before euthanasia. SI1 and SI6 were
measured as 1 m after the stomach and before the cecum
respectively. SI2-SI5 consisted of the middle portion of
the small intestine equally divided into 4 lengths. Analysis
of α-amylase activity was performed for the stomach and
the first 4 sections of the SI, using an α-amylase specific kit
(Biovision # K711–100), modified for use with a micro-plate
spectrophotometer at 415 nm. The presence of AX led to a
significantly later half-time (to reach maximum absorbance
for the assay; P = 0.0039) throughout the SI. For the AX diet,
the half-time values were also different between SI1 and SI2,
compared with SI3 and SI4, whereby the values were later
for SI3 and SI4. The data suggests 2 possible mechanisms.
For the non-AX diet pigs, the increased amylase activity
in SI1 and SI2 meant that there was no starch left to be
degraded in SI3 and SI4, compared with the AX-diet pigs.
Alternatively, the presence of AX may have resulted in a
prolonged activity along the tract due to the viscous nature
of the digesta. Both mechanisms will have consequences
on the glycaemic response caused by SDFs such as AX.
Key words: arabinoxylan, α-amylase, digestion
3050 Comparison of four commercial feed proteases
for improvement of nutritive value of poultry feather
meal. M. B. Pedersen* 1,4 , S. Yu 1,2 , P. Plumstead 3 , and
S. Dalsgaard 1 , 1 Enzyme R&D, Genencor, Danisco A/S,
Edwin Rahrs Vej 38, DK 8220 Brabrand, Aarhus, Denmark,
2 Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, Lund,
Sweden, 3 Danisco Animal Nutrition, Marlborough, United
Kingdom, 4 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics,
Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Feed industries are seeking new ways to cope with increased
raw material costs. One of the approaches is to apply
enzymatic treatment in the production of feed ingredients
from animal by- products. It is known that feather is composed
mainly of the highly rigid structural polypeptide, keratin,
which is resistant to known digestive enzymes (e.g., pepsin
and trypsin). Special proteases, keratinases, are capable
of hydrolyzing keratin-rich material, and have been applied
in the production of feather by-products for use as feed. A
nutritional improvement of keratinase-pretreated feather meal
has been reported compared to conventional hydrothermal
processing, supporting possible benefits of using proteases
in the feather meal processing industry. The use of enzymaticpretreated
feather meal as feed ingredient in pig diets is still
to be investigated. However, studies using conventional
feather meal show that feather meal can be incorporated at
a level up to 6% into isolysinic diets of growing-finishing pigs
without adversely impacting animal performance, carcass
composition, or pork quality. Furthermore, no difference in
performance has been observed when up to 4% feather