XII - 12th International Symposium - Digestive Physiology of Pigs

Digestive
Physiology
of Pigs
(P < 0.01), suggesting a lower digestive and absorptive
capacity. The cecum of HMB piglets were 15% longer and
17% heavier (P < 0.05), whereas the LI was not affected
by treatment. Diarrhea increased the length and weight
of SI and LI (P < 0.05), and weight of the kidneys (P <
0.01). The liver was 9% heavier in the HMB piglets (P <
0.01), indicating larger metabolic capacity and the spleen
was 32% heavier in HMB piglets (P < 0.01), indicating an
improved immune status, which is in accordance with the
suggested immunostimulatory effects of HMB. The weight
of the kidneys was increased for the HMB piglets (P <
0.01), whereas the weights of stomach and heart were not
affected. HMB piglets had a lower DM content (P < 0.01)
suggesting more lean and less adipose tissue, which is in
good agreement with the protein saving and lipolytic effects
of HMB.
Key words: prenatal programming, gastro-intestinal tract,
body composition
3019 environmental control of early bacterial succession
affects growth rate and postweaning gene expression
in the pig. D. Petri* 1,2 and A. G. Van Kessel 1 , 1 University
of Saskatchewan, Department of Animal & Poultry Science,
Saskatoon, SK, Canada, 2 DuPont Nutrition & Health,
Animal & Environmental Applications, Waukesha, WI, USA.
To investigate long-term effects of first colonizing bacteria
on post weaning intestinal physiology, a gnotobiotic
study was conducted using 24 germ-free piglets derived
by caesarian section. Pigs were assigned to one of 4
isolators and were inoculated with either S. infantarius (S),
C. perfringens (C), L. mucosae (L), or non-pathogenic E.
coli (E). Piglets were conventionalized on d 7 with sow
feces, merged and transferred to group pens. Piglets were
weaned on d 20 and euthanized at 28 d of age to permit
collection of jejunal contents and tissue. Using 16S rRNA
gene-based molecular methods, analysis of rectal swabs
taken on d 3 and 4 confirmed monoassociation of S, C,
L and E pigs however, treatment L showed contamination
with E. coli on d 4. Total RNA was extracted from snap
frozen tissue and reverse transcription quantitative PCR
used to measure expression of selected genes normalized
to GAPDH. ADG from d 7–28 was higher (P < 0.01) for
pigs in treatments L and E and intermediate for C compared
with S. Lowest ADG in treatment S was associated with
lowest expression for PepT1 (P = 0.07), SGLT3 (P < 0.05)
and Muc13 (P = 0.10) whereas Muc2, TLR4 and NFκB1
gene expression was highest (P ≤ 0.05). Treatments C and
L demonstrated highest (P ≤ 0.07) expression of nutrient
carrier genes PepT1 and SGLT3. Treatment L showed
highest (P < 0.05) expression of digestion related genes
aminopeptidase N (APN) and lactase-phlorizin hydrolase
(LPH), and genes TLR2, TLR4, NFκB2, NFκBIA were
also increased (P < 0.05). Muc20 gene was expressed at
lowest level (P < 0.05). In contrast, treatment E showed
lowest (P ≤ 0.07) expression of APN, PepT1, LPH and
SGLT3, Muc2, TLR2, TLR4, NFκB1, and NFκBIA. Cytokine
gene expression was not affected by treatment. Lower
growth rate for pigs monoassociated early postnatal with
S. infantarius was associated with reduced expression of
nutrient assimilation genes and unbalanced barrier function
XII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON
DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF PIGS
123
Session V
due to lowest attached mucus and highest secretory mucus
gene expression. On the other hand, increased growth was
not associated with a consistent pattern.
Key words: jejunum, gnotobiotic, neonatal pig
3020 endotoxin transfer through colostrum from the
dam to the piglet. D. Guillou* 1 , S. Isinger 1 , F. Chaucheyras-Durand
1,2 , and Y. Le Treut 1 , 1 Lallemand SAS, Blagnac,
France, 2 INRA UR454, St-Genes Champanelle, France.
Neonatal diarrhea is a common feature in farms with high
incidence of postpartum dysgalaxia syndrome (PDS). It has
been suggested that diarrhea could result from endotoxin
transfer through colostrum from the dam to the piglet. To
verify this hypothesis, a study was undertaken in a farm
with chronic PDS incidence. Seven litters from sows in
parity 1 or 2 were selected. After cleaning and disinfecting
the teats, colostrum was sampled during the farrowing
process. At 24h of life, piglets were weighed individually
and blood was taken from 5 piglets randomly selected
per litter. All samples were stored frozen in endotoxin-free
tubes after adequate pre-treatment, and transferred to the
laboratory for endotoxin analysis using commercial kits of
LAL chromogenic EndPoint Assay. A linear regression was
performed to relate endotoxin content in piglet’s blood and
sow colostrum. Expressing endotoxin in piglet’s blood in ng/
mL or scaled per body weight did not affect the observed
relationships with endotoxin content in colostrum. Endotoxin
levels in colostrum ranged between 12 and 27 ng/mL.
Despite these rather low values, endotoxin in colostrum
and piglet blood were positively correlated (+0.35, P =
0.042). Within litter variability in blood levels increased
dramatically when endotoxin in colostrum increased. In
case of the lowest endotoxin content in colostrum (12 ng/
mL), endotoxin in the blood of piglet ranged between 0.19
and 0.29 ng/mL, whereas for levels in colostrum between
16 and 17 ng/mL the range in piglet’s blood was 0.12 to 1.29
ng/mL, and in case of highest levels in colostrum (above
25 ng/mL) blood level ranged between 0.23 and 4.20 ng/
mL. This huge variation might reflect individual differences
in colostrum intake, or blood volume, or gut permeability.
These data indicate a transfer of endotoxin from the dam to
the piglet through colostrum. To verify the initial hypothesis,
animal studies including a greater range of endotoxin
concentration in colostrum would be necessary.
Key words: endotoxin, colostrum, piglet
3021 Impact of maternal dietary fat supplementation
during gestation upon neonatal offspring liver and
muscle development and fatty acid metabolism. A.
Mostyn 1 , H. P. Fainberg 1 , K. L. Almond 1,3 , D. Li 2 , C. Rauch 1 ,
M. E. Symonds 3 , and P. Bikker* 4,5 , 1 School of Veterinary
Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton
Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK, 2 School of Biosciences,
University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus,
Leicestershire, UK, 3 Early Life Nutrition Research Unit,
Academic Division of Child Health, School of Clinical Sciences,
University Hospital, Nottingham, UK, 4 Schothorst
Feed Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands, 5 Wageningen
UR, Livestock Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands.