XII - 12th International Symposium - Digestive Physiology of Pigs

Digestive
Physiology
of Pigs
5% oxidized soybean oil (225 Meq/kg), 3.5% long-chain
polyunsaturated fat (PUFA), and no added VitE (8 IU/kg in
basal). Back fat biopsy was taken on d 45 and 65 for gross
and histological evaluation. Accumulation of lipofuscin
in the adipose was observed on d 65 and in the lamina
propria of the small intestine on d 115. A second study (25
11-kg pigs/diet) and a similar diet (5% oxidized soybean oil
and 10% PUFA with or without both VitE (11IU/kg) and a
feed grade AOX (AGRADO Ultra, 0.025%) was conducted
at Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Morphological evaluation
of the digestive system of challenged 40-kg pigs on d 55
revealed lipofuscin deposition in the small intestine, liver,
and adipose of pigs fed the challenge diet in the absence
of VitE and AOX. In this case, a significant reduction (P <
0.001) in BW and ADG suggests that the oxidative damage
in the intestine may lead to growth performance reduction
in addition to product quality consequences.
Key words: lipofuscin, oxidative stress, yellow fat
2011 effects of an Allium botanical on performance,
diarrhea, gut morphology, immune and inflammatory
status of weaned pigs infected with a pathogenic E.
coli. Y. Liu 1 , M. Song 1 , T. M. Che 1 , J. A. Soares 1 , D. Bravo 2 ,
C. M. Maddox 1 , J. E. Pettigrew 1 , and C. Oguey* 2 , 1 University
of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA, 2 Pancosma SA, Geneva,
Switzerland.
Plant extracts are known to positively impact gut function
and immune modulation. The objective of this trial was to
evaluate if a standardized extract of allium (GAR) could
affect performance, diarrhea, gut morphology, immune
and inflammatory status of weaned piglets infected with a
pathogenic F-18 E. coli. Weaned pigs (6.3 kg BW, 21 d old)
were housed in disease containment chambers for 15 d and
allocated to treatments according to a factorial arrangement
(8 pigs/treatment). First factor was with or without an F-18
E. coli challenge with 10 10 cfu/mL daily oral dose for 3 d from
d 0. Second factor was the diet type: control diet (CON) or
10 ppm GAR. Performance parameters were measured at
d 0, 5 and 11. On d 5 and 11, one-half of the pigs were
euthanized to collect intestine to measure villi height (VH),
crypt depth (CD), and their ratio (VH:CD). Diarrhea (DS) was
daily scored individually (1: normal, to 5: watery diarrhea).
Frequency of diarrhea (FD) was the percentage of pig days
with DS ≥3. White blood cell (WBC) counts, cytokines and
haptoglobin were measured at d 0, 5 and 11. Feces culture
scores were performed at d 3, 5, 8 and 11. The infection
reduced global performance and VH and increased DS
and FD as expected. It increased (P ≤ 0.05) lymphocytes,
TNF-α and haptoglobin on d5, and WBC, neutrophils,
lymphocytes, monocytes and haptoglobin on d 11. Results
showed that GAR never affected feces culture scores. In
sham group, GAR improved (P ≤ 0.05) ADG from d 0 to 5,
reduced average DS from d 0 to 5 and FD. Feeding GAR
decreased (P ≤ 0.05) haptoglobin on d5 and TGF-β on d11.
In challenged group, GAR did not affect performance but it
reduced (P ≤ 0.05) DS from d3 to 5 and d9 to 11 and overall
FD. Ileum VH at d 5 and VH:CD at d11 were increased
(P ≤ 0.05) by GAR supplementation. Supplemented pigs
exhibited reduced WBC and haptoblogin on d 5 and 11,
and lower lymphocytes at d 11 (P ≤ 0.05). This confirms
XII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON
DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF PIGS
96
Session III
the anti-inflammatory effect of GAR in case of infection.
This demonstrated that this allium botanical has the ability
to limit the negative impact of E. coli infection in weaned
piglets.
Key words: allium extract, E. coli, disease resistance
2012 in vitro test on the ability of a yeast cell wall
product to inhibit the Escherichia coli F4ac adhesion on
the brush border of porcine intestinal villi. P. Trevisi* 1 ,
D. Priori 1 , G. Gandolfi 1 , M. Colombo 1 , T. Goossens 2 , and
P. Bosi 1 , 1 University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, 2 Nutriad,
Dendermonde, Belgium.
The ability of a yeast cell wall (YCW) based product
(SENTIGUARD © C, Nutriad, Belgium) to inhibit the E. coli
F4 adhesion on the brush border of porcine intestinal
villi was tested. In 2 trials, different batches of product (I
and II) were pre-incubated with E. coli F4, and then were
incubated with intestinal villi collected from already weaned
piglets. In trial 1 and 2, we used 4 and 6 sub-sets of villi
respectively. The YCW treatments were tested as follows:
trial 1, 2 mL of E. coli F4 solution were pre-incubated with:
batch I (SENT_I10); batch II (SENT_II10), both at 10%
w/v; trial 2, 2 mL of E. coli F4 solution were pre-incubated
with: batch I (SENT_I0.5) and batch II (SENT_II0.5), at
0.5% w/v; batch I (SENT_I5) and batch II (SENT_II5),
at 5% w/v. In both trials we added also a treatment preincubated
with egg yolk immunized against E. coli F4, to
assess the maximum inhibition of the adhesiveness, and
a negative control with villi incubated directly with E. coli
F4, to verify the maximum potential adhesiveness of the
pathogen. For each experimental group at least 20 different
villi were observed, brush border length measured and the
adherent pathogen counted. Finally the data was reported
as number of adherent bacteria along 250 μm length of
villous brush border. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and all
the treated groups were compared by the multiple Dunnett
test against the negative control as a reference. In trial 1,
both batches of SENTIGUARD C and immunized egg yolk,
significantly reduced the pathogen adhesion on the villi (P <
0.001) than the negative control group. In trial 2, the tested
additive, SENT_I 0.5% did not significantly reduce the E.
coli F4 adhesion. At the same concentration, the SENT_
II tended to reduce the pathogen adhesion (P = 0.073),
while immunized egg yolk and both additives significantly
reduced the E. coli F4ac adhesion at the concentration of
5% (P < 0.001). Taken into account the experimental setup,
our results indicate the ability of the SENTIGUARD C to
contain the intestinal infection from E. coli F4 in young pigs.
Key words: yeast cell wall, brush border, E. coli F4ac
2013 Diarrhea-like condition and intestinal mucosal
responses in susceptible homozygous and heterozygous
F4R+ pigs under challenge. S. Sugiharto, M. Hedemann,
B. Jensen, and C. Lauridsen,* Aarhus University,
Foulum, Denmark.
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) expressing F4 fimbriae
are a major cause of diarrhea in neonatal and recently