XII - 12th International Symposium - Digestive Physiology of Pigs

Digestive
Physiology
of Pigs
Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw,
Poland, 2 Animal Clinic, Kleczew, Poland, 3 Department of
Animal Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Life Sciences,
Lublin, Poland, 4 Department of Biology, Lund Univ,
Lund, Sweden, 5 Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland.
We propose a novel, active strategy of pig weaning aimed
at reduction of post-weaning gastrointestinal disorders.
This idea originated from 20 studies with over 3000 piglets
over last 10 years. Early weaning is a key to success in
intensive pig production, because it increases number of
pigs delivered per year. Conversely, it increases magnitude
of digestive disorders caused by discrepancies between
food composition and physiological capacity of suckling.
Previous strategies focused on weaning diet modifications
and variations in feeding mode. We propose inducing
earlier maturation of the digestive system that predates
actual weaning. Kidney bean lectin extract (640 U/piglet)
was applied once orally (d 10–14), followed by weaning at
d 28. Piglets were killed at different time points, from d 15
to 84. Lectin extract reduced (P < 0.05) villous length and
mucosa thickness, enhanced (P < 0.05) intestinal epithelium
mitosis, reduced (P < 0.05) apoptosis and DNA damage
and increased (P < 0.05) gut immune status (CD19+ and
CD3+ indexes). Furthermore, lectin extract increased (P
< 0.05) body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (both
before and after weaning) and reduced (P < 0.05) incidents
of post-weaning diarrhea. Finally, onset of voluntary solid
feed intake started earlier. In conlusion, lectin extract is a
potent inducer of changes resembling weaning in gastrointestinal
tract that may actively condition the digestive
system for weaning.
Key words: phytohemagglutinin, maturation, intestinal
mucosa
2044 Feed supplementation with pancreatic-like
enzymes improve growth of exocrine pancreatic insufficient
(EPI) pigs. S. G. Pierzynowski 1,2 , K. Szwiec 1 , J.
Valverde Piedra 3 , D. Gruijc 1 , O. Prykhodko 1 , O. Fedkiv 1 , G.
Skibo 4 , G. Ushakova 5 , T. Kovalenko 4 , I. Osadchenko 4 , D.
Kruszewska 2,6 , S. Szymanczyk 3 , P. Swieboda 1 , R. Filip 2,7 ,
and B. Westrom* 1 , 1 Department of Biology, Lund Univ,
Sweden, 2 Inst of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland, 3 Department
of Biochemistry & Animal Physiology, Univ Life Sciences,
Lublin, Poland, 4 Bogomoletz Inst of Physiology, Kiev,
Ukraine, 5 Deartment of Biophysics & Biochemistry, Dnepropetrovsk
National University, Ukraine, 6 The John Paul II
Catholic Univ, Lublin, Poland, 7 Warsaw University of Life
Sciences, Poland.
Pig growth correlates with the efficiency of pancreatic
enzyme secretion. The question arises whether feed
supplementation with microbial-derived enzymes that
mimics the porcine pancreatic enzymes could improve
growth in pigs. We investigated the effectiveness of feed
supplementation with microbial enzyme on digestion and
growth of young EPI pigs. To induce EPI 6 weeks old pigs
underwent pancreatic duct-ligation surgery. In addition, to
access the intestinal contents, ports where inserted in the
stomach, duodenum and ileum to 6 EPI and 3 control pigs.
After one month of recovery, pig fed diet supplemented
XII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON
DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF PIGS
111
Session IV
with enzymes for one week and digesta were collected for
analyses. Body weight of EPI pigs did not changed during
the recovery period (11.7 ± 0.9 vs. 11.6 ± 0.6 kg), while
an increase was observed after a week of enzyme feeding
(14.1 ± 1.0 kg, P < 0.01). Lipase and protease activities
in chyme samples from EPI pigs were very low compared
with control pigs. After feeding with enzymes: lipase activity
increased in duodenum from 79 ± 75 to 421 ± 192 U/ml (P <
0.01), similar to that of the controls (507 ± 70 U/ml) and the
total protease activity increased from 8 ± 9 to 70 ± 87 U/ml,
P < 0.01 (level in controls 164 ± 148 U/ml). Fat and nitrogen
digestibility increased with enzyme feeding from 24 ± 23%
to 84 ± 5% and from 36 ± 28% to 57 ± 15%, respectively
(P < 0.01). Microbial enzyme feeding enhanced the fat
and protein digestion similar to endogenous pancreatic
enzymes in the gut lumen, thus mix of microbial enzymes
can be use to stimulate growth of slow-growing pigs after
the weaning period.
Key words: growth, pancreas, enzymes
2045 Feeding pancreatic-like enzymes increases gut
barrier function in pre-weaned piglets. O. Prykhodko 1 ,
J. Wolinski 2 , M. Slupecka 2 , P. Ochniewicz 2 , K. Szwiec 1 ,
O. Lozinski 1 , L. Lozinska 1 , O. Fedkiv 1 , D. Gruijc 1 , S. Pierzynowski
1,3 , and B. Weström* 1 , 1 Dept of Biology, Lund University,
Lund, Sweden, 2 The Kielanowski Institute of Animal
Physiology and Nutrition, Jablonna, Poland, 3 Dept of Medical
Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland.
In neonatal pigs the secretion of pancreatic enzymes is
low and digesta has a high enzyme inhibition capacity
due to the presence of inhibitors in the colostrum/milk and
intestinal juice. In parallel to that, the gut has a relatively
high permeability to macromolecules. However, with age as
the pancreatic enzyme secretion increases and the level of
inhibitors in the digesta decreases, the intestines become
mature as manifested by a decreased macromolecular
permeability. The study aimed to highlight the impact of
pancreatic enzymes on gut maturation, specifically its
barrier function. In 2 experimental sets, suckling 8d-old
piglets were intragastrically fed with pancreatic enzymes
for one week. In set I, piglets were fed twice a day with 2
enzyme preparations, both in a low and high dose: porcine
Creon ® or mixture of microbial-derived pancreatic-like
enzymes (amylase, protease and lipase). In set II, piglets
were fed a microbial protease once a day, every second day.
Vehicle-fed littermate pigs were used as controls. The day
after the treatment period (and 2 weeks later in set II), the
gut permeability was tested by feeding the piglets a marker
cocktail, containing Na-fluorescein (NaF, 376 Da) and
bovine serum albumin (BSA, 69 000 Da), after which blood
was sampled for either 4 (set I) or 24 h (set II). The intestinal
in vivo permeability decreased in all enzyme-treated
groups in a dose-dependent manner to both differentsized
markers, 50% for BSA and 25% for NaF (P < 0.05).
Interestingly, also piglets fed only the microbial protease
decreased their marker passage after the treatment (50%
for BSA, 27% for NaF) and 2 weeks later (30% for BSA,
33% for NaF), as compared with their control littermates
(P < 0.05). Feeding pancreatic-like enzymes, including a
single protease, induce maturational changes of the gut