XII - 12th International Symposium - Digestive Physiology of Pigs

Digestive
Physiology
of Pigs
immune parameters and GI bacteria may be affected by
dam parity. The objectives of this study were to evaluate
microbial populations in colostrum (C) and milk (M) derived
from parity (P) 1 and P3 sows (n=10), and to evaluate the in
vitro effects of dam parity on immunoglobulin transport and
neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) gene expression in porcine
jejunal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). Samples of C and M were
collected on d 0, 7, and 14 of lactation. Bacterial DNA was
isolated from C and M samples and analyzed for bacterial
diversity using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
(DGGE). IPEC-J2 cells were grown to confluency, and
treated apically with 1) media alone (CTL) 2) C pooled by P
3) diluted (1:10) C and 4) undiluted C. All C treatments were
in vitro digested and gastric mucosa added to treatment
wells 30 min before treatments were applied. After the
addition of treatment media, cells were incubated at 37°C
for 30 min. Treatment media was removed and CTL media
was added to all wells and incubated for an additional 30
min. Apical and basolateral media were collected and IgA
and IgG quantified via swine specific ELISA. Total RNA
was extracted from all cells for FcRn expression. Samples
of M/C had greater (P < 0.05) bacterial species diversity
(Shannon’s and Simpson’s) in P3 compared to P1 samples
on d 0, 7, 14. Apical and basolateral IgG concentrations
were greater (P = 0.03) in media treated with C from P3
compared to P1 dams. No P differences were observed
in IgA and IgG (P = 0.36 and 0.24, respectively) in the
digested and undigested C. No differences (P = 0.60) were
observed in FcRn expression between cells treated with
digested P1 and P3 C. The results from this study show
that parity does affect the microbial diversity in colostrum
and M; however, parity does not affect FcRn expression or
IgA and IgG transport in IPEC-J2 cells.
Key words: colostrum, parity, Ig transport
2027 Consumption of guar gum and retrograded
resistant cornstarch increases interleukin-10 abundance
without affecting pro-inflammatory cytokines in
the colon of pigs fed a high-fat diet. M. Fan* 1 , T. Archbold
1 , D. Lackeyram 1 , Q. Liu 2 , Y. Mine 1 , and G. Paliyath 1 ,
1 University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 2 Food
Research Program, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,
Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Increases in dietary intake of viscous and non-viscous
soluble fiber are reported to improve bowel health. However,
related biological mechanisms are not very clear. This study
was conducted to examine response in colonic abundances
of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) and 2
pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)
and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in pigs fed a high-fat basal diet
supplemented with 15% viscous soluble fiber guar gum
and non-viscous soluble fiber resistant starch. A total of 24
Yorkshire grower barrows were assigned into a standard corn
and SBM grower diet as a positive control, an animal protein
based high-fat basal diet as the negative control and 2 basal
diets supplemented with 15% guar gum and retrograded
high-amylose cornstarch, i.e., resistant starch, according to
a completely randomized block design for 4 weeks. Cytokine
abundances in homogenized extractable colonic tissue
supernatant samples were measured by ELISA. Compared
XII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON
DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF PIGS
102
Session III
with the 2 control groups, consumption of guar gum and
resistant starch at 15% increased (P < 0.05) colonic IL-10
abundance. Colonic IL-10 abundance was lower (P < 0.05)
in the corn and SBM positive control diet than that in the
high-fat basal negative control diet. However, there was no
difference (P > 0.05) in colonic IL-10 abundance between
the 15%-guar gum and the 15%-resistant starch groups.
Furthermore, there were no differences (P > 0.05) in colonic
abundances of TNF-α and IL-6 among the control and high
fiber diets We conclude that consumption of 15% guar gum
and resistant starch supplemented in a high-fat basal diet
may protect the colon from developing inflammation by
enhancing IL-10 abundance.
Key words: cytokines, bowel inflammation, soluble fiber
2028 The small intestinal apical hydrolase activities
are decreased in the piglet with bowel inflammation
induced by dextran sodium sulfate. D. Lackeyram,*
Y. Mine, T. Archbold, and M. Fan, University of Guelph,
Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized
most commonly by cramping, abdominal pain, bloating,
constipation, and diarrhea. We hypothesize that
compromised activities of various gut apical hydrolases may
contribute to the symptoms of IBD. Objectives of this study
were to investigate changes in the small intestinal hydrolytic
activities, protein abundances and mRNA expression of
alkaline phosphatase (IAP), lactase, maltase, sucrase and
aminopeptidase N (APN) in piglets with bowel inflammation
chemically induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS).
Yorkshire piglets at 5 d of age, with an average initial BW of
about 3 kg, were fitted with intra-gastric catheters and divided
into control (CON, n = 6) and treatment groups (DSS, n = 5).
Both groups were infused with equal volumes of either saline
or 1.25 g of DSS/kg BW.d in saline, respectively, for 10 d.
Activity kinetic experiments for IAP, lactase, maltase, sucrase
and APN were carried out by using p-nitrophenol phosphate
(0 to 8 mM), lactose (0–75mM), maltose (0 to 75 mM),
sucrose (0–75mM) and L-alanine-P-nitroanilide (0 to 32 mM)
at 37°C with the isolated apical membrane of the collected
jejunal tissues. The target hydrolase protein abundances on
the apical membrane were analyzed by Western blotting and
their mRNA abundances were measured by quantitative real
time RT-PCR. β-actin was used as the housekeeping. DSS
treatment decreased (P < 0.05) the maximal specific activity
(µmol/mg protein.min) of IAP (53%), lactase (75%), maltase
(37%), sucrase (117%) and APN (14%), and decreases (P
< 0.05) in these target hydrolase protein abundances on the
apical membrane were observed in the DSS group as for IAP
(39%), (35%), sucrase (36%) and APN (54%), respectively.
Decreases in the mRNA abundance for lactase (25%),
sucrase-isomaltase (52%), maltase-glucosamylase (75%),
and APN (39%) were observed in the DSS group. However,
the IAP mRNA abundance in the jejunm was increased (P
< 0.05) by 3.5 fold in the DSS group. We conclude that
decreases in the gut apical activities of major hydrolases
contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD.
Key words: alkaline phosphatase, digestive capacity, inflammatory
bowel disease