XII - 12th International Symposium - Digestive Physiology of Pigs

Digestive
Physiology
of Pigs
observed. Feeding a uniform maize diet induces symptoms
characteristic of severe acute malnutrition and significantly
reduces intestinal villous height. Increased sucrase activity
in maize-fed pigs may indicate increased crypt cell activity
to regenerate normal gut structure. We conclude that the
intestine is significantly affected by malnutrition. This may
be important to consider during treatment or nutritional
rehabilitation.
Key words: malnutrition, intestine, atrophy
1132 evolution of zinc, iron, and copper concentrations
along the gastrointestinal tract of pigs weaned
with or without in-feed high doses of zinc oxide compared
to unweaned littermates. R. Davin* 1 , E. G. Manzanilla
1 , K. C. Klasing 2 , and J. F. Perez 1 , 1 Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain, 2 University of
Californioa - Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
High doses of Zn are used to treat diarrhea in piglets but
are an environmental concern. Mechanisms of action of Zn
against diarrhea are still not well understood. Solubilized
Zn, interaction of Zn with Fe and Cu, and concentration of
these metals in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of nursing
pigs are key data to understand its mechanism of action
and optimize its use. Eight litters were used and 3 piglets
were selected within each litter. Two of pigs from each litter
were weaned at 21 d of age and fed 2 different diets; a
commercial control diet (Ct) and Ct diet + 2000 ppm of ZnO
(dZn). The third pig was kept unweaned (Uw) with the rest
of the litter. All 24 selected pigs were killed at 28 d of age
and GIT contents were sampled. Soluble and insoluble
factions of the GIT content were separated, and Zn, Fe,
and Cu concentrations were analyzed. Soluble fraction
of the GIT content represented 20–50% less of the total
GIT content in Uw pigs than in weaned pigs, except for the
ileum. Total concentration of metals increased along the GIT
in all animals. Concentration of Zn in the insoluble fraction
increased 3–5 fold for weaned pigs fed dZn compared
with Ct and Uw pigs (P < 0.01 in all cases). Percentage of
solubilized Zn was 4–10 folds higher in jejunum, ileum, and
cecum of Uw animals than in weaned ones. Concentration
of soluble Fe along the GIT was higher for unweaned pigs
than for weaned ones (P < 0.05 in all cases) even when
the total amount of Fe was lower for these animals in
stomach (P = 0.001) and jejunum (P = 0.028). Unweaned
pigs showed lower concentrations of Cu along the GIT
compared with weaned littermates (P < 0.05 in all cases).
Surprisingly, animals on dZn showed a 5–10 fold increase
of Cu solubilized in distal parts of the GIT (P < 0.001). High
variations and interactions were found among GIT sections
and treatments that could modify metal absorption and
effects on microbiota. Levels found in weaned animals are
very different from physiological levels found in Uw animals.
These differences could indicate possible imbalances due
to weaning.
Key words: zinc, copper, diarrhea
1133 Characterization of digestion discrepancy
between in vitro and in vivo for co-products using
spectroscopy. L. F. Wang* 1 , M. L. Swift 1,2 , and R. T.
XII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON
DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF PIGS
89
Session II
Zijlstra1 , 1University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,
2Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Lacombe, AB,
Canada.
In vitro methods accurately predicted in vivo apparent total
tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy for cereal grains (R 2 ≤
0.97) but not for co-products (R 2 < 0.10; in vitro vs. in vivo
apparent ileal digestibility (AID) or ATTD). To explore, we
scanned 496 samples of digesta, feces and in vitro digestion
residues (ivR) from co-products on a Fourier transform midinfrared
instrument with a single-bounce attenuated total
reflectance attachment. For corn distillers dried grains with
solubles (DDGS), spectral intensity of the carbonyl ester
peak at 1744 cm −1 was higher in ivR than in feces (0.020
vs. 0.004, P < 0.001), indicating poor enzymatic digestion
of unsaturated fat. In support, ivR spectra had a strong
olefinic C-H peak at 3008 cm −1 . With acetone instead of
water filtration, the carbonyl ester peak intensity dropped
to 0.007. However, in vitro ATTD of energy of corn DDGS
was still lower than in vivo (61.5 vs. 76.7%; P < 0.001).
Peak intensities of both C-OH at 1033 cm −1 and β-(1,4)glycosidic
linkage at 897 cm −1 were higher in ivR than in
feces (0.055 vs. 0.029, 0.017 vs. 0.011, respectively; P <
0.001), indicating that the in vitro assay poorly simulated
fiber digestion. In contrast, the intensities of amide I peak
at 1641 cm −1 and amide II at 1535 cm −1 of ivR spectra were
lower than in vivo (0.014 vs. 0.021 and 0.010 vs. 0.027,
respectively; P < 0.001), suggesting that protein digestion
of corn DDGS was not a major issue. Conversely, peak
intensities of protein in ivR for canola cake were higher
than in feces (Amide I area: 1.043 vs. 0.660; P = 0.001),
indicating that in vitro protein digestion was a major issue
for canola cake. Similarly, principal component analysis of
spectra indicated poor in vitro enzymatic digestion of fat
and fiber for canola meal, canola seed, extruded flaxseed,
and wheat millrun. In conclusion, the improvement of in
vitro assay for co-products should focus on the simulation
of fat and fiber digestion, and only in the sole case of canola
cake on protein digestion.
Key words: digestion, in vitro, spectroscopy
1134 The effect of alkaline phosphatase in nursery
pig diets containing dried distillers grains with solubles
on performance and active intestinal glucose
and phosphate absorption. J. S. Radcliffe* 1 , Z. Rambo 1 ,
B. E. Aldridge 1 , J. Ferrel 2 , D. Anderson 2 , D. Kelly 1 , and B.
T. Richert 1 , 1 Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA,
2 ChemGen Corporation, Gaithersburg, MD.
Individually housed, crossbred barrows (BW = 5.70 ± 0.04
kg; 26 d age) were used to evaluate the effect of adding
alkaline phosphatase (AP, 0.066 MU/kg) to corn-soybean
meal-dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) based
diets on active nutrient absorption using intestinal sections
mounted in modified Ussing chambers. Pigs were blocked
by BW, and allotted to the following diets (9 or 10 pigs/
diet): 1) Positive Control (PC); 2) Negative Control (NC; ME
and aP reduced 100 kcal/kg and ~1 g/kg, respectively); 3)
NC+AP; 4) NC+AP+P (aP same as PC); and 5) NC+AP+Fat
(ME same as PC). Pigs were fed a common phase 1 diet for
7d post-wean. Experimental diets were fed in 2 phases (d