XII - 12th International Symposium - Digestive Physiology of Pigs

Digestive
Physiology
of Pigs
1110 histamine and PGe -induced chloride secretion
2
and the epithelial catabolism of histamine in the colon
of piglets is influenced by diets high in fermentable
protein. S. Kroeger* 1 , R. Pieper1 , H. G. Schwelberger3 , J.
Wang2 , J. F. Richter4 , J. R. Aschenbach5 , A. G. Van Kessel2 ,
and J. Zentek1 , 1Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universitaet
Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 2Department of Animal and
Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon,
Saskatchewan, Canada, 3Department Operative Medizin,
Universitaetsklinik Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria, 4Clinical Physiology, Charité Univeritaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany,
5Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin,
Germany.
We studied the influence of dietary fermentable protein
(fCP) and fermentable carbohydrate level (fCHO) on the
epithelial response to histamine and prostaglandin E 2
(PGE 2 ), as protein- or inflammation-derived secretagogues,
in the colon of pigs. Furthermore, the capacity for histamine
inactivation through the enzymes diamine oxidase (DAO)
and histamine N-methyltransferase (HMT) was determined.
Thirty-two weaned piglets were fed 4 diets for 21–23 d in
a 2 × 2 factorial design, with low vs. high fCP (15 or 20%
CP) and low vs. high fCHO (14.5 or 17.3% TDF). High
fCP was achieved by the addition of autoclaved soybean
meal (200 g/kg) and high fCHO by wheat bran and sugar
beet pulp (80 or 50 g/kg). Pigs were euthanized and
mucosa from the proximal colon was mounted in Ussing
chambers. Histamine or PGE 2 was applied and the change
of short-circuit current (ΔIsc) and tissue conductance
(ΔGt) was measured. Gene expression of DAO and HMT
was determined by RT-qPCR in RNA extracts from colon
tissue. DAO activity was measured radiometrically and
HMT activity by transmethylation of histamine. Histamine
concentration in colon digesta was analyzed by ionexchange
chromatography. Generalized linear model
procedures in SPSS (version 19.0, Chicago, IL, USA) were
used to analyze data. The ΔIsc in response to histamine
was lower (P < 0.05) and ΔGt was higher (P < 0.05) for
tissue taken from the high fCP groups. The ΔIsc tended to
be lower after the addition of PGE 2 in groups which were
fed high fCP diets. The HMT gene expression (P < 0.05)
and the activities of DAO and HMT were higher (P < 0.05) in
pigs receiving the high fCP diets. Histamine concentration
in the colon digesta was increased by dietary fCP (P <
0.05). All effects were irrespective of fCHO treatment. In
conclusion, epithelial histamine and PGE 2 sensitivity and
histamine inactivation through DAO and HMT are modified
through diets high in fCP in weaned piglets, thus suggesting
adaptation to increased histamine levels.
Key words: histamine, fermentable protein, secretory
response
1111 Digestible energy values of feed ingredients with
or without addition of enzymes complex in growing
pigs. P. Cozannet* 1 , A. Preynat 1 , and J. Noblet 2 , 1 Adisseo
France SAS, CERN, F-03600 Malicorne, France, 2 INRA,
UMR1348 Pegase, F-35590 Saint Gilles, France.
Digestible energy (DE) values and digestible nutrients
content of 6 diets were measured in 60 kg male growing
XII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON
DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF PIGS
81
Session II
pigs fed restricted amount of feed. Diets were prepared from
5 ingredients (wheat, corn, barley, wheat bran and soybean
meal; inclusion levels of ingredients being independent)
with or without Rovabio Excel AP (3,300 endo-ï ¢-1,4xylanase
visco units and 300 endo-1,3(4)-Î 2 -glucanase
units/kg of feed; 150 g/ton of feed) according a 6 × 2
factorial arrangement; dietary NDF ranged from 12 to 20%
of DM. Pigs (5 per treatment) were placed in metabolism
cages that allowed total collections of feces and urine for
10 d after a 11 d adaptation period. Samples were analyzed
for GE, ash and N. Digestibilities of GE, N and organic
matter (OM) and N balance were calculated. The effects
of diet and enzyme were evaluated by ANOVA. In addition,
the DE and digestible nutrient contents of ingredients
were calculated by regression of nutritive values of diets
on levels of ingredients inclusions. Apparent total tract
digestibilities of OM, N and GE of diets were affected by diet
characteristics (P < 0.001) in connection with a negative
effect of NDF content (R = −0.97; P < 0.001) and were
increased (P < 0.05) by enzyme addition (Enz) with +0.69,
+1.68 and +0.76% units for OM, N and GE digestibilities,
respectively. Increases in DE value due to Enz averaged
0.12 MJ per kg DM (15.11 vs 14.99 MJ/kg DM; P < 0.001).
The ADG (878 vs. 834 g/day; P < 0.05) and N balance
were also increased by Enz addition, suggesting that it may
overcome limiting amino acid contents. The calculated DE
content per ingredient averaged 16.0, 16.6, 15.0, 10.6 and
16.7 MJ/kg DM for wheat, corn, barley, wheat bran and
soybean meal, respectively. The Enz addition increased
the DE value of diets similar to the ingredients (+0.12 MJ/
kg DM). Considered per ingredient, tendencies for a better
response was observed for wheat and soybean meal (0.48
and 1.25 MJ/kg DM, respectively). In conclusion, apparent
total tract digestibility for energy of diets or raw materials
can be increased by Enz addition.
Key words: digestible energy, enzyme, pig
1112 Effects of fibers with different fermentation characteristics
on feeding motivation in adult pigs. C. Souza
Da Silva* 1,2 , J. E. Bolhuis 1 , W. J. J. Gerrits 2 , B. Kemp 1 , and
J. J. G. C. van den Borne 2 , 1 Adaptation Physiology Group,
Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands,
2 Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen,
The Netherlands.
Dietary fibers can be fermented in the colon, resulting in
production of short–chain fatty acids (SCFA) and secretion
of satiety–related peptides such as GLP–1 and PYY.
Recently, we have shown that a diet containing 40% native
potato starch reduced feeding motivation in adult pigs
up to 7 h after feeding. The aim of the current study was
to assess the effects of fibers with varying fermentation
characteristics on feeding motivation in adult pigs. Sixteen
pair–housed gilts (250 kg BW) received 4 diets: inulin
(INU), guar gum (GG), retrograded tapioca starch (RS),
and control (C), in 4 periods in a Latin square design.
Each period, pigs were fed a low fiber (L) followed by a
high fiber (H) diet (7 d each). Fiber levels were 7% and
14% for INU, 5% and 10% for GG, 17% and 34% for RS.
Fibers were exchanged for starch from the C diet based
on gross energy. Pigs received 1050 g of feed twice daily.