XII - 12th International Symposium - Digestive Physiology of Pigs

Digestive
Physiology
of Pigs
At 1 h, 3 h and 7 h after feeding, feeding motivation was
assessed in an operant test, where turning a wheel yielded
multiple feed rewards, and in a runway test, where walking
a fixed U–shaped track yielded one feed reward. An ad
libitum feed intake test was conducted at 3 h after feeding.
In the operant test, at 7 h after feeding the number of wheel
turns tended to be lower (P < 0.1) for RS–fed (502) than for
INU–fed pigs (592, SEM = 122). In the runway test, at 1 h
(H: 2.0 km/h, L: 2.7 km/h, SEM = 0.2, P < 0.05) and 3 h (H:
1.5 km/h, L: 2.5 km/h, SEM = 0.2, P < 0.001) H–fed pigs
walked slower for food than L–fed pigs. Pigs had a lower
voluntary feed intake (fiber type × level effect, P < 0.05)
in the ad libitum feed intake test when fed RS–H (2.4 kg)
compared with most of the other diets, including the RS–L
(3.1 kg, SEM = 0.3). In conclusion, increasing the dietary
fiber content enhanced satiety at 1 h and 3 h after feeding,
despite a reduction in metabolizable energy supply. RS
was the most satiating fiber, possibly due to its slow rate
of fermentation and high production of butyrate, which may
result in reduced long–term energy intake.
Key words: dietary fiber, satiety, pigs
1113 effects of formic acid and phytase supplementation
on digestibility and utilization of phosphorus and
zinc in growing pigs. R. Blank 1 , M. Naatjes 1 , P. Ader* 2 , U.
Roser 2 , and A. Susenbeth 1 , 1 University of Kiel, Institute of
Animal Nutrition, Kiel, Germany, 2 BASF SE; GBU Animal
Nutrition, Lampertheim; Germany.
Addition of organic acids to microbial phytase (PHY)
containing diets can increase the effectiveness of PHY and
therewith the utilization of phosphorus (P) and probably
other minerals. The hypothesis is that lower digesta pH
will reduce phytate complex building. The study aimed to
quantify that effect on digestibility of P and zinc (Zn) in
growing pigs fed a pelleted diet based on wheat, barley
and soybean meal. The complete study consisted of 2
experiments. For each experiment, 12 barrows (35–40 kg)
were assigned to a triplicate 4 × 4 Latin square design.
Dietary treatments in Exp. I consisted of 1) control diet
(CON), designed to be marginal deficient in P and Zn, 2)
CON supplemented with 4.7 g/kg of a 85% formic acid
(FA) formulation (BASF, Germany) to reduce feed pH by 1
unit, 3) CON supplemented with 500 FTU/kg fungal 3-PHY
(BASF) and 4) CON supplemented with both, FA and
PHY at same dosage as in 2) and 3). Dietary treatments
in Exp. II were exactly the same, except that the microbial
PHY supplementation was increased to 1000 FTU/kg.
Total feces and urine were collected quantitatively. Feed,
feces and urine were analyzed for P and Zn to calculate
digestibility and their retention. The statistical model
included supplementation of FA, PHY, their interaction
and period as fixed effects. In both experiments, PHY
supplementation decreased fecal P excretion (P < 0.05) and
improved P digestibility and retention (P < 0.05), whereas
FA supplementation did not affect P retention at present
conditions. The PHY and FA supplementation interacted (P
< 0.05) for P utilization so that in comparison to CON P
digestibility was improved (P < 0.05) by 31 and 50% (3))
and by 50 and 63% (4)) in Exp. I and II, respectively. Effects
on Zn utilization followed a similar pattern. In conclusion,
XII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON
DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF PIGS
82
Session II
the present study indicated that FA supplementation to
fungal 3-Phy containing diets increase P and Zn utilization
and therewith improve environmental sustainability of pig
production.
Key words: fungal-3-phytase, formic acid, digestibility
1114 effect of supplementing alternating ratios of
laminarin and fucoidan in the diet of the weanling piglet
on performance, nutrient digestibility and selected
faecal microbial populations and volatile fatty acid
concentrations. A. M. Walsh,* T. Sweeney, C. J. O’Shea,
D. N. Doyle, B. Flynn, and J. V. O’Doherty, University College
Dublin, Lyons Research Farm, Newcastle, Co. Dublin,
Ireland.
A 3 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted to investigate
the effects of alternating ratios of dietary laminarin
and fucoidan on growth performance and markers of
gastrointestinal tract function in newly-weaned piglets. At
weaning, one hundred and 68 piglets (24 d of age, 6.8 kg
live-weight) were assigned to one of 6 dietary treatments
(n = 14/treatment): (1) control diet, (2) control diet + 240
ppm fucoidan, (3) control diet + 150 ppm laminarin, (4)
control diet + 150 ppm laminarin and 240 ppm fucoidan,
(5) control diet + 300 ppm laminarin, (6) control diet + 300
ppm laminarin and 240 ppm fucoidan. Pigs offered 300 ppm
laminarin supplemented diets had a significantly higher
average daily gain (0.374 v. 0.346 kg/day, s.e. ± 0.0094,
P < 0.05) throughout the entire experimental period (d
0–35) compared with pigs offered diets without laminarin.
There was a significant interaction between laminarin and
fucoidan supplementation on gain to feed ratio (P < 0.05)
during the entire experimental period. Pigs offered the 300
ppm laminarin supplemented diet had a higher gain to
feed ratio than pigs offered the control diet. However, there
was no effect of the high level laminarin when combined
with fucoidan. There was a significant interaction between
laminarin and fucoidan supplementation on the apparent
total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) (P <
0.05). Pigs offered the 150 ppm and 300 ppm laminarin diet
had an increased ATTD of GE compared with pigs offered
the control diet. However, there was no effect of laminarin
when combined with fucoidan. Pigs offered the 150 ppm
and 300 ppm laminarin supplemented diets had increased
the ATTD of nitrogen (N) (0.806, 0.806 respectively v.
0.776, s.e. ± 0.0091, P < 0.05) compared with pigs offered
diets without laminarin supplementation. In conclusion, the
inclusion of laminarin singularly increased the ATTD of diet
components and improved growth performance of pigs
after weaning.
Key words: laminarin, fucoidan, performance
1115 Digestibility of canola meal from 2 species (Brassica
juncea and Brassica napus) fed to ileal-cannulated
grower pigs. M. H. A. Le* 1 , A. D. G. Buchet 1,2 , E. Beltranena
1,3 , W. J. J. Gerrits 2 , and R. T. Zijlstra 1 , 1 University of
Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, 2 Wageningen University,
The Netherlands, 3 Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development,
Edmonton, AB, Canada.