XII - 12th International Symposium - Digestive Physiology of Pigs

Digestive
Physiology
of Pigs
changes in microbial diversity were also observed in the
ileum, however, only the differences observed in first study
were statistically significant. It is concluded from these
observations that irrespective of group against individual
housing and clean against dirty environment, change from
sow′s milk to weaning diet decreased the microbial diversity
in small intestine.
Key words: microbial diversity, small intestine, weaning
1024 Increasing amylose content of starch shifts bacterial
populations in the cecum and colon of weaned
pigs. J. M. Fouhse* 1 , M. G. Gänzle 1 , P. R. Regmi 1 , T. A. T.
G. van Kempen 2 , and R. T. Zijlstra 1 , 1 University of Alberta,
Edmonton, AB, Canada, 2 North Carolina State University,
Raleigh, NC, U.S.A.
After weaning, pigs have an unstable microbiome and
compromised gut integrity, which can lead to gut disorders.
We hypothesized that increasing dietary amylose shifts
microbial profile in the cecum and colon and changes
gut morphology. Weaned pigs (n = 32) were randomly
allocated to 1 of 4 diets in 2 replicates. Diets contained
70% purified starch with amylose contents of 0, 20, 28 or
63%. Experimental diets were introduced 6 d post-weaning
and gradually increased up to 3 × maintenance. Cecum
and colon digesta and gut tissues were collected following
slaughter, 27–30 d post-weaning, to evaluate microbial
profile and gut morphology. Genomic DNA was extracted
from digesta to quantify gene copies of Lactobacillus spp.
(LAB), Bacteroides-Prevotella-Porphyrmonas, (BAC) and
Enterobacteriaceae spp. (ENT) using quantitative PCR.
Transverse sections of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and
colon were stained and analyzed under an image analyzer
to determine crypt depth and villus height. In the cecum,
diets with moderate amylose content (28%) decreased
(P < 0.05) LAB compared with diets with 0, 20, and 63%
amylose content (7.5 vs. 8.2, 8.5 and 8.2 ± 0.2 log/g wet
wt) and colon (6.7 vs. 7.8, 7.9 and 7.9 ± 0.3 log/g wet
wt). In the colon, diets with high amylose content (63%)
increased (P < 0.05) BAC compared with diets with 20 and
28% amylose contents (10.9 vs. 10.5 and 10.5 ± 0.1 log/g
wet wt). Dietary differences were not observed for BAC
and ENT in the cecum and ENT in the colon. Increasing
amylose from 0 to 63% did not affect crypt depth or
villus height in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum or colon.
This lack of change was perhaps not unexpected due to
morphology being measured 4 weeks post-weaning, when
pigs had recovered from weaning stress. In conclusion,
manipulating dietary amylose content altered the microbial
profile of LAC in the cecum and colon and BAC in the
colon; however, amylose content did not affect crypt depth
and villus height.
Key words: starch, amylose, bacteria
1025 Comparison between the effects of spray dried
and wet dietary supplementation of laminarin and
fucoidan on microbiology and inflammatory cytokine
gene expression in the pig gut. A. Mukhopadhya* 1 ,
J. V. O’Doherty 2 , A. Smith 1 , B. Bahar 1,2 , and T. Sweeney
1 , 1 School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Science
XII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON
DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF PIGS
47
Session I
Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin-4, Ireland.,
2 School of Agriculture and Food Science, University
College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin-4, Ireland.
Weaning piglets are exposed to several stresses leading to
health issues and subsequent lower performance. Bioactive
food ingredients are proposed to ameliorate pathogenic
and inflammatory health problems. Seaweeds and
seaweed extracts (SWE) are a rich source of laminarin and
fucoidan, which have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and
prebiotic properties. Spray-dried bioactive food ingredients
are preferred over wet forms by food industry due to their
stability, low storage costs and easy encapsulation. The aim
of this experiment was to compare the effect of spray-dried
or wet laminarin and fucoidan from Laminaria digitata on
microbiology and inflammatory cytokine profile of ileum and
colon in newly weaned pigs. Weaning piglets were assigned
to either: 1) basal diet, 2) basal diet + wet SWE (185 g DM/
kg) or 3) basal diet + dry SWE (940 g DM/kg) for 21 d.
The inclusion rate of laminarin and fucoidan was 500 and
400-ppm, respectively. Digesta samples were collected for
bacterial population count using plate culture methodology.
Bacteria counts were indicated in colony forming units (cfu)
/g fresh feces. Ileal and colonic tissues were collected for
total RNA extraction and qPCR. Gene expression levels
of mucin (MUC2 and MUC4), trefoil factor (TFF3), proinflammatory
(IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, IFNγ, TNFα)
and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) were evaluated by
qPCR from total RNA. Bifidobacteria counts were higher
in wet SWE formulation in comparison to both spray dried
SWE and basal diet in ileum, while the bifidobacteria counts
in spray dried SWE formulation were similar to basal diet.
No differences were observed between wet and spray dried
SWE formulation on cytokine profile of the selected panel
of genes in ileum and colon. Thus, in conclusion, while no
major effect of wet and spray dried SWE formulation was
observed on the inflammatory cytokine gene expression
levels in ileum and colon, wet SWE formulation of laminarin
and fucoidan had a prebiotic effect in ileum of piglets which
was lost in spray dried SWE formulation due to drying.
Key words: seaweed, cytokine, prebiotic
1026 effect of feeding different extruded and nonextruded
cereals on the gut mucosa and gut microbiota
of piglets during the first week post-weaning. D. Torrallardona*
1 , N. Andrés-Elias 1 , S. López 2 , I. Badiola 2 , and M.
Cerdà-Cuéllar 2 , 1 IRTA-Mas de Bover, E-43120 Constantí,
Spain, 2 CReSA, UAB-IRTA, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona,
E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of different
cereals in piglet diets on the jejunal mucosa and the ileal
and cecal microbiota during the first days post-weaning. In
trial-1, 48 newly-weaned pigs (7.56 kg BW; 26 d of age) were
individually housed and distributed among 3 experimental
diets containing white rice, naked oats or barley as the cereal
source. At the start of the trial (weaning; d 0), 12 piglets were
slaughtered and sampled to obtain initial reference values
for histology and microbiology determinations. An additional
4 pigs per treatment per day were slaughtered and sampled
on d 1, 2 and 6 post-weaning. Villus height (VH), crypt depth