XII - 12th International Symposium - Digestive Physiology of Pigs

Digestive
Physiology
of Pigs
Key words: protease, amino acid digestibility, piglets
1072 Nutritional characteristics of byproducts originating
from a Central european ethanol fuel industry
for pigs. S. Nitrayová,* M. Brestenský, P. Patráš, and J.
Heger, Animal Production Research Centre Nitra, Hlohovecká
2, Lužianky, 951 41, Slovakia.
Chemical composition and nutrient and energy digestibilities
were determined in 4 samples of dried distillers grains with
solubles (DDGS) and one sample of wet distillers grains
(WDG) from 4 ethanol fuel manufacturers. The cereal
sources used for ethanol production were wheat (1 sample),
wheat + barley (2 samples) and maize (2 samples). The
nutrient contents (expressed in % of dry matter) were
variable, ranging from 30.5 to 39.5 CP, 4.4 to 12.3 fat,
7.5 to 12.9 crude fiber, 2.7 to 7.8 ash and 3.0 to 9.4 total
phosphorus. The concentration of lysine, which was the
first-limiting amino acid in all samples, ranged from 2.05 to
5.20 g/kg DM. The diets were fed to 6 gilts (average body
weight 39.9 ± 1.9 kg) fitted with ileal T-cannula using a 5 × 6
factorial arrangement. Each experimental period comprised
of a 5-d preliminary period followed by a 2-d collection
period during which urine and feces were collected.
Samples of ileal digesta were collected the last 24 h of each
experimental period. The experimental data were subjected
to ANOVA and when significant value for treatment effect (P
< 0.05) was observed, the differences between means were
assessed using Fisher’s LSD procedure. Using acid insoluble
ash as a marker, apparent total tract (ATD) and ileal (AID)
digestibilities of nutrients and energy and AID of amino acids
were calculated. The ATD of N ranged from 55.7 to 83.7%.
Nitrogen retention expressed as % of N intake varied from
10.2 to 32.0. Except for the wheat-based DDGS, the mean
AID of N was 66.8%. The mean values ATD and AID of NDF
were 52.8% and 24.4% respectively. The concentration of
total P in WDG was about one half of the values found in
DDGS (P < 0.001) which corresponds to its very low ATD
(1.4%). The ATD and the AID of energy ranged from 58.8 to
73.9% and from 40.6 to 54.1%, respectively. The AID of AA
was highest (P < 0.001) in WDG (71.8%) and lowest (P <
0.001) in DDGS from wheat (42.3%). Tested distillers grains
are good sources of energy and, except for one sample, of
P, but their nutritional value vary among sources.
Key words: distillers grains, digestibility, pigs
1073 Effect of dietary fiber concentration on retention
and redistribution of nitrogen in pigs. P. Patráš,* S.
Nitrayová, M. Brestenský, and J. Heger, Animal Production
Research Centre Nitra, Hlohovecká 2, Lužianky, 951 41,
Slovakia.
Eight gilts (initial BW 29.9 ± 1.7 kg) were used to evaluate
the effect of dietary fibre (measured as crude fiber) on the
redistribution of N between feces and urine at different
levels of dietary N. Pigs were randomly assigned to 4
dietary treatments according to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin
square design. The treatments were (1) low N (14% CP),
low fiber (3.25%); (2) low N, high fiber (4.46%); (3) high
N (18.8% CP), low fiber and (4) high N, high fiber. Diets
were based on soybean meal, wheat, and maize and were
XII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON
DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF PIGS
67
Session II
supplemented with crystalline amino acids. High fiber diets
contained 15% beet pulp. Pigs were housed in metabolism
cages and fed in 2 equal doses at 07:00 and 17:00 at a
daily rate of 90 g/kg 0.75 . Water was offered ad libitum. Each
experimental period consisted of a 6-d adaptation followed
by a 4-d collection during which feces and urine (using
bladder catheters) were collected. The experimental data
were subjected to ANOVA and when significant value for
treatment effect (P < 0.05) was observed, the differences
between means were assessed using Fisher’s LSD
procedure. The N intake, fecal N excretion and absorption
and retention of N increased (P < 0.03) in pigs fed highprotein
diets with added fiber. However, urinary N excretion
(g/d) was reduced (P < 0.02) only in the low - protein
diets. Urinary N as a percentage of N intake was reduced
(P < 0.01) in all experimental groups fed high fiber diets
irrespective of N content in the diet. The coefficients of
determination between fecal N and dietary fiber calculated
for diets with low and high protein content were R 2 = 0.074
and R 2 = 0.194, respectively. Dietary fiber level did not
affect dry matter intake. DM output (g/d) was higher (P <
0.02) in diet with high N and fiber content in comparison
with high N and low fiber content. In conclusion, fiber added
to diets with higher CP content increased fecal N, reduced
urinary N and increased overall N retention.
Key words: fiber, nitrogen, pigs
1074 evaluation of optimal supplementation level of
emulsifier (lysophospholipids) in low energy diets for
growing pigs. J. H. Cho* 1 , J. W. Hong 2 , and I. H. Kim 1 ,
1 Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University,
Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea, 2 Dongwon
Farmsco, Nonsan, Choongnam, South Korea.
Supplementation of emulsifier may improve energy
utilization and save feed cost of energy source in growing
pig diets. This study was conducted to evaluate the optimal
supplementation level of emulsifier in low energy diets for
growing pigs. Six growing pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) ×
Duroc, BW = 22.41 ± 2.21 kg] were fed 6 diets for 6 periods
(every period lasted for 7 d) in a 6 × 6 Latin square design.
Dietary treatments were: 1) PC (positive control: 3,410 kcal
ME/kg–calculated value), 2) NC (negative control: 3,310
kcal ME/kg), 3) E0.05 (NC with 0.05% lysophospholipids),
4) E0.07 (NC with 0.07% lysophospholipids), 5) E0.09
(NC with 0.09% lysophospholipids, and 6) E0.11 (NC with
0.11% lysophospholipids). Pigs were individually housed in
metabolism crates. Pigs were fed twice daily (08:00 and
20:00, identical amount of feed each time) and consumed
all the feed within 30 min. Each period consisted of a
7–d adjustment period and a 2–d of fecal and urine total
collection (for 48 h) during d 8 and 9 (24 h). No difference
(P > 0.05) was observed in digestibility of DM (dry matter:
94.4, 93.1, 93.2, 93.9, 94.1, and 93.6%) and energy (93.9,
93.0, 93.3, 93.5, 93.3, and 92.9%), and urinary loss (DM-
ME: 3.9, 4.3, 4.2, 4.0, 3.7, and 4.2%) among treatments.
In conclusion, positive effects were not observed when
emulsifier was supplemented as feed additive for improving
energy utilization in low energy diet of growing pigs.
Key words: lysophospholipids, digestibility, growing pigs