Islams Reformers

hadîth, were the Umayyad Khalîfa. It is declared in a hadîth
reported by Ibn Mâja, ‘People with a black flag will come from the
east, and they will fight the Arabs. Obey their Khalîfas! They are
the Khalîfas guiding to the right path!’ This hadîth and the like
praise the Abbâsid Khalîfas... [1]
“A Khalîfa who carried on Rasûlullah’s (’alaihi ’s-salâm) task of
guidance as he had done was called khalîfat râshida. These were
perfect, real Khalîfas. A Khalîfa who did not carry out this task
precisely and who did not obey Islam was called khalîfat jâbira... [2]
“Rasûlullah’s (’alaihi ’s-salâm) task of guidance contained
three levels. The first level was to have Allâhu ta’âlâ’s commands
and prohibitions obeyed by using power and force. This is called
‘sultanate’. His second task was to teach His commands and
prohibitions. His third task called ‘ihsân’ was to purify the heart.
Al-Khulafâ’ ar-râshidîn were successful in all these three levels.
Those who succeeded them managed only the task of sultanate.
The task of teaching was given to the imâms of madhhabs, and the
task of ihsân was given to the great men of Tasawwuf.” [3]
“VII: Yazîd ibn Mu’âwiya became Khalîfa in 60 and died four
years later in Hawwârin, which is located between Damascus and
Tadmur. He was buried there. (23-64)
“VII: Mu’âwiya II ibn Yazîd was very intelligent, very pious
and very just. He resigned from caliphate after forty days. (44-64)
“IX: Marwan ibn Hakam was a fiqh scholar. He was very clever
and very intelligent. He read the Qur’ân very beautifully. He
abstained from sins and feared Allâhu ta’âlâ very much. He was
the beloved son-in-law of Hadrat ’Uthmân (radiy-Allâhu ’anh). It
was written on his seal, ‘I trust in Allâhu ta’âlâ. I ask from Him.’
(2-65)
“X: ’Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan was a scholar of hadîth and
fiqh. He was famous for having much zuhd and ’ibâdât . Imâm an-
Nâfi’, a prominent one among the Tâbi’ûn, said, ‘In Medina, I
have not seen a person who was learned in fiqh more profoundly,
worshipped more, knew the knowledge and manners of hajj more
or read the Qur’ân more beatifully than ’Abd al-Malik.’
[1] Ibid, p. 601.
[2] Ibid, v. II, p. 330.
[3] Ibid, p. 342. A hadîth written on its 567th page calls such a Khalîfa
“Malik al-adûd”, who has been called “Khalîfa” symbolically. The
khulafâ’ al-jâbira came next.
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