Islams Reformers

’ilm: knowledge, science, ’ilm al-
’aqâ’id or -kalâm = ’ilm al-fiqh =
fiqh; ’ilm al-hadîth, science of
hadîths; ’ilm al-hâl, (books of
Islamic teachings of one madhhab)
ordered to be learned by every
Muslim; ’ilm al-qirâ’a, science of
the Qur’ân; ’ilm as-sulûk =
tasawwuf.
imâm: i) profound ’âlim; founder of a
madhhab; ii) leader in
congregational salât; iii) caliph.
inshâ-Allah: ’if Allâhu ta’âlâ wills’.
i’tikâf: retreat, religious seclusion
during Ramadân.
i’tiqâd: faith, îmân.
junub: state of a Muslim needing
ablution of his whole body; EBIV.
-Ka’ba: the big room in al-Masjîd al-
Harâm.
kâfir: non-Muslim; one guilty of kufr.
kalâm: (the knowledge of) îmân in
Islam.
kalimat at-tawhîd: SP.
karâma: (p. -ât) miracle worked by
Allah through a Wâlî; AM.
kashf: revelation; AM.
khalîfa: (p. khulafâ’) caliph; Khulafâ’
ar-Râshidîn, the Prophet’s
immediate four caliphs.
Khawârij: (Khârijîs) those heretical
Muslims hostile to Ahl al-Bait.
khutba: the preaching delivered at
mosque; SP.
kufr: (intention, statement or action
causing) infidelity, unbelief.
-kutub as-sitta: the six great,
authentic books of the Hadîth;
EBII.
ma’ârif: pl. of ma’rifa.
madrasa: Islamic school or university.
mahram: within the forbidden
(harâm) degrees of relationship for
marriage (nikâh).
makrûh: (act, thing) improper,
disliked and abstained by the
Prophet: makrûh-tahrîma,
prohibited with much stress; AM.
ma’rifa: knowledge about Allâhu
ta’âlâ’s Dhât (Essence, Person)
and Sifât (Attributes), inspired to
the hearts of Awliyâ’. See Walî.
ma’rûf: good acts approved by Islam.
mashhûr: ‘well-known’ among
’ulamâ’; a kind of hadîths.
masjid: mosque: al-Masjid al-Harâm,
the great mosque in Mecca.
mawdû’: a kind of hadîths.
mihrâb: niche of a mosque indicating
the direction of Mecca.
mubâh: (act) that is neither ordered
nor prohibited; permitted.
mudarris: professor at madrasa.
mufassir: expert scholar of tafsîr.
muftî: ’âlim authorized to issue fatwâ.
mujâhid: a Muslim who tries to
spread Islam by means of
publication, speech or struggle.
mu’jîza: (pl. -ât) miracle worked by
Allâhu ta’âlâ through a prophet;
AM.
munâfiq: hypocrite in the disguise of
a Muslim though he believes in
another religion.
nafs: a force in man which wants him
to harm himself religiously; an-nafs
al-ammâra, AM.
nass: (general term for an âyat or a
hadîth.)
nikâh: Islamic contract for marriage.
nisâb: minimum quantity of specified
wealth which makes one liable to
do some certain duties; EBV.
-Qabr as-Sa’âda: the Prophet’s
shrine.
qadâ: the instance of happening or
creation of what is predestined;
qadar, predestination of everything
as Allâhu ta’âlâ has decreed from
eternity; BI.
qibla: direction towards the Ka’ba.
qiyâs: (of a mujtahid) to resemble, to
compare, an affair not clearly
stated in the Qur’ân, Hadîth or
ijmâ’ to a similar one stated clearly;
conclusion drawn from such
comparison; ijtihâd; SP.
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