Frans_M_Everaerts_Isotachophoresis_378342.pdf

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Journal of Chromatogaphy Library - Volume 6 ISOTACHOPHORESIS Theory, Instrumentation and Applications
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LIBRARY Volume 1 Volume 2 Volume 3 Volume 4 Volume 5 Volume 6 Volume 7 Volume 8 Chromatography of Antibiotics by G. H. Wagman and M. J. Weinstein Extraction Chromatography edited by T. Braun and G. Ghersini Liquid Column Chromatography. A Survey of Modern Techniques and Applications edited by Z. Deyl, K. Macek and J. Janak Detectors in Gas Chromatography by J. SevEik Instrumental Liquid Chromatography. A Practical Manual on High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Methods by N. A. Parris <strong>Isotachophoresis</strong>. Theory, Instrumentation and Applications by F. M. <strong>Everaerts</strong>, J. L. Beckers and Th. P. E. M. Verheggen Chemical Derivatization in Liquid Chromatography by J. F. Lawrence and R. W. Frei Chromatography of Steroids by E. Heftmann
Page 4 and 5: Journal of Chromatography Library -
Page 6 and 7: Dedicated to Pr0f.Dr.h. A.I.M. Keul
Page 8 and 9: Contents Preface ..................
Page 10 and 11: CONTENTS IX 6.4.2. The d.c. method
Page 12 and 13: CONTENTS XI 12.2.2. Applications ..
Page 14 and 15: It is very well known that charged
Page 16 and 17: Chapter 1 Historical review SUMMARY
Page 18 and 19: HISTORICAL REVIEW 3 Independently i
Page 20 and 21: THEORY
Page 22 and 23: Chapter 2 Principles of electrophor
Page 24 and 25: MOVINGBOUNDARY ELECTROPHORESIS a S
Page 26 and 27: MOVINGBOUNDARY ELECTROPHORESIS 0 iu
Page 28 and 29: ISOTACHOPHORESIS 13 2.4. PRINCIPLE
Page 30 and 31: ISOTACHOPHORESIS 15 As the anionic
Page 32 and 33: ISOTACHOPHORESIS velocities, so tha
Page 34 and 35: ISOTACHOPHORESIS 19 d.t ’.t I Fig
Page 36 and 37: ISOTACHOPHORESIS 21 t Fig.2.8. Isot
Page 38 and 39: ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING 23 The four is
Page 40 and 41: DISCUSSION 25 Fig.2.11. Survey of t
Page 42 and 43: Chapter 3 Concept of mobility SUMMA
Page 44 and 45: IONIC MOBILITY AND IONIC EQUIVALENT
Page 46 and 47: EFFECTIVE IONIC MOBILITY 31 obtain
Page 48 and 49: EFFECTIVE IONIC MOBILITY 33 compari
Page 50 and 51: EFFECTIVE IONIC MOBILITY Fig.3.4. R
Page 52 and 53:
DETERMINATION OF IONIC MOBILITIES 3
Page 54 and 55:
DETERMINATION OF IONIC MOBILITIES 3
Page 56 and 57:
Chapter 4 Mathematical model for is
Page 58 and 59:
GENERAL EQUATIONS 43 anionic specie
Page 60 and 61:
GENERAL EQUATIONS 4.2.1. Equilibriu
Page 62 and 63:
GENERAL EQUATIONS 41 i Similar equa
Page 64 and 65:
GENERAL EQUATIONS 49 Uthzone (U-llt
Page 66 and 67:
GENERAL EQUATIONS 4.2.4. Modified O
Page 68 and 69:
GENERAL EQUATIONS TABLE 4.2 REDUCED
Page 70 and 71:
MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE STEADY S
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
VALIDITY OF THE ISOTACHOPHORETIC MO
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
CHECK OF THE ISOTACHOPHORETIC MODEL
Page 94 and 95:
CHECK OF THE ISOTACHOPHORETIC MODEL
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REFERENCES 81 Fig.4.17. Relationshi
Page 98 and 99:
Chapter 5 Choice of electrolyte sys
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CHOICE OF THE SOLVENT 85 In general
Page 102 and 103:
CHOICE OF THE SOLVENT TABLE 5.2 THE
Page 104 and 105:
CHOICE OF THE SOLVENT pH and pKvalu
Page 106 and 107:
CHOICE OF THE SOLVENT 91 TABLE 5.4
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CHOICE OF THE pH OF THE LEADING ELE
Page 110 and 111:
CHOICE OF THE pH OF THE LEADING ELE
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CHOICE OF THE TERMINATING AND LEADI
Page 114 and 115:
ADDITIONS TO THE ELECTROLYTE SOLUTI
Page 116 and 117:
EXAMPLES Choice of solvent. Can wat
Page 118 and 119:
EXAMPLES 103 solvent, hoping that a
Page 120 and 121:
EXAMPLES TABLE 5.11 STEP HEIGHTS OF
Page 122 and 123:
EXAMPLES TABLE 5.12 STEP HEIGHTS OF
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Fig.5.9. Isotachopherograms of the
Page 126 and 127:
EXAMPLES II 4 3 Fig.5.11. Isotachop
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REFERENCES 113 Example I. As exampl
Page 130 and 131:
INSTRUMENTATION
Page 132 and 133:
Chapter 6 Detection systems SUMMARY
Page 134 and 135:
THERMOMETRIC RECORDING 6.1.3. Combi
Page 136 and 137:
THERMOMETRIC RECORDING Potential gr
Page 138 and 139:
THERMOMETRIC RECORDING /2 Fig.6.1.
Page 140 and 141:
THERMOMETRIC RECORDING T t l Fig.6.
Page 142 and 143:
THERMOMETRIC RECORDING 7 127 It-- I
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THERMOMETRIC RECORDING a concentrat
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HIGH-FREQUENCY CONDUCTIVITY DETECTI
Page 148 and 149:
CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION 133 Fig.6.9.
Page 150 and 151:
CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION 135 The d.c.
Page 152 and 153:
CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION 137 Hi V 1kR
Page 154 and 155:
CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION Fig.6.12. Co
Page 156 and 157:
CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION Fig.6.14. Th
Page 158 and 159:
CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION 143 6.4.4. T
Page 160 and 161:
CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION 145 contact
Page 162 and 163:
CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION 147 We can n
Page 164 and 165:
CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION 149 N.Y., U.
Page 166 and 167:
CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION 151 achieved
Page 168 and 169:
UV ABSORPTION METER 153 -_-.- +- R
Page 170 and 171:
UV ABSORPTION METER Fig.6.22. Contr
Page 172 and 173:
W ABSORPTION METER r +15V -15V Mod
Page 174 and 175:
W ABSORPTION METER 159 TABLE 6.4 PR
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W ABSORPTION METER 230 240 2% m zm
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to Mod (Fig 6.24) oscillator I sync
Page 180 and 181:
UV ABSORPTION METER 165 dicular to
Page 182 and 183:
Fig.6.31. Isotachopherograms for th
Page 184 and 185:
UV ABSORPTION METER 169 50 Fig.6.33
Page 186 and 187:
ADDITIVES TO THE ELECTROLYTES 171 6
Page 188 and 189:
ADDITIVES TO THE ELECTROLYTES 173 e
Page 190 and 191:
ADDITIVES TO THE ELECTROLYTES 175 a
Page 192 and 193:
ADDITIVES TO THE ELECTROLYTES 177 o
Page 194 and 195:
ADDITIVES TO THE ELECTROLYTES 179 d
Page 196 and 197:
ADDITIVES TO THE ELECTROLYTES 181 T
Page 198 and 199:
ADDITIVES TO THE ELECTROLYTES Fig.6
Page 200 and 201:
ADDITIVES TO THE ELECTROLYTES 185 F
Page 202 and 203:
ADDITIVES TO THE ELECTROLYTES 1 2 3
Page 204 and 205:
ADDITIVES TO THE ELECTROLYTES 189 n
Page 206 and 207:
COATING OF THE MICRO-SENSING ELECTR
Page 208 and 209:
DETECTION LIMITS 193 electric drivi
Page 210 and 211:
DETECTION LIMITS 195 Fig.6.48. Infl
Page 212 and 213:
DETECTION LIMITS 197 TABLE 6.6 SURV
Page 214 and 215:
CONCLUSION 199 average length of a
Page 216 and 217:
REFERENCES 201 seen. Again it is cl
Page 218 and 219:
Chapter 7 Instrumentation SUMMARY T
Page 220 and 221:
INJECTION SYSTEMS I! I n Fig.7.1. P
Page 222 and 223:
INJECTION SYSTEMS Fig.7.3. Exploded
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INJECTION SYSTEMS Fig.7.5. Injectio
Page 226 and 227:
COUNTER ELECTRODE COMPARTMENTS 21 1
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COUNTER ELECTRODE COMPARTMENTS Even
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COUNTER ELECTRODE COMPARTMENTS 21 5
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EQUIPMENT the large bore, a more di
Page 234 and 235:
EQUIPMENT 219 belonging to three cl
Page 236 and 237:
EQUIPMENT 221 signal of the thermoc
Page 238 and 239:
EQUIF'MENT 223 No effect on the res
Page 240 and 241:
EQUIPMENT 225 Fig.7.14. Electrophor
Page 242 and 243:
EQUIPMENT Fig.7.16. Photograph of t
Page 244 and 245:
EQUIPMENT 229 mounted equiplanar, w
Page 246 and 247:
COUNTER FLOW OF ELECTROLYTE 231 ins
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COUNTER FLOW OF ELECTROLYTE p High
Page 250 and 251:
COUNTER FLOW OF ELECTROLYTE Fig.7.2
Page 252 and 253:
COUNTER FLOW OF ELECTROLYTE 231 aro
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COUNTER FLOW OF ELECTROLYTE p high
Page 256 and 257:
COUNTER FLOW OF ELECTROLYTE 24 1 7.
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COUNTER FLOW OF ELECTROLYTE I I 31
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COUNTER FLOW OF ELECTROLYTE max. 15
Page 262 and 263:
APPLICATIONS
Page 264 and 265:
Chapter 8 Introduction SUMMARY In t
Page 266 and 267:
INTRODUCTION 25 1 the various ionic
Page 268 and 269:
Chapter 9 Practical aspects SUMMARY
Page 270 and 271:
DISTURBANCES CAUSED BY H+ AND OH 25
Page 272 and 273:
Page 274 and 275:
DISTURBANCES CAUSED BY H+ AND OH- 2
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
DISTURBANCES DUE TO CO, 263 Electro
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ENFORCED ISOTACHOPHORESIS 265 t T T
Page 282 and 283:
WATER AS TERMINATOR 267 function of
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PURIFICATION OF THE TERMINATOR 7 4
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REFERENCES 271 AS an example, the c
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Chapter 10 Quantitative aspects SUM
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THERMOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS 215 vj c
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THERMOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS TABLE 10.
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CONDUCTIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS factor
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CONCLUSION 28 1 Tables 10.3-10.5 wa
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Chapter 11 Separation of cationic s
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SEPARATION USING A THERMOCOUPLE AS
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Page 306 and 307:
I SEPARATION USING A THERMOCOUPLE A
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SEPARATION USING CONDUCTIVITY AND U
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Chapter I2 Separation of anionic sp
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SEPARATION USING A THERMOMETRIC DET
Page 314 and 315:
Page 316 and 317:
SEPARATION USING CONDUCTIVITY AND W
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Page 320 and 321:
Page 322 and 323:
Page 324 and 325:
Page 326 and 327:
Chapter 13 Amino acids, peptides an
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AMINO ACIDS TABLE 13.1 OPERATIONAL
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AMINO ACIDS 8- ?- 6- 5- 4- 3- 2- f-
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AMINO ACIDS 317 TABLE 13.5 STEP HEI
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AMINO ACIDS Fig.13.3. Schematic dia
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AMINO ACIDS TABLE 13.6 DETERMINATIO
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SEPARATION OF PROTEINS IN AMPHOLYTE
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Page 348 and 349:
Page 350 and 351:
SEPARATION OF SMALL PEPTIDES reprod
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Chapter I4 Separation of nucleotide
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Page 356 and 357:
Page 358 and 359:
Page 360 and 361:
Page 362 and 363:
Chapter 15 Enzymatic reactions SUMM
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ENZYMATIC CONVERSION OF GLUCOSE (FR
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ENZYMATIC CONVERSION OF PYRUVATE 35
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Page 376 and 377:
Chapter 16 Separations in non-aqueo
Page 378 and 379:
SEPARATION OF ANIONIC SPECIES IN ME
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SEPARATION OF CATIONIC SPECIES IN M
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Page 384 and 385:
Page 386 and 387:
Page 388 and 389:
EXPERIMENTS IN AQUEOUS METHANOLIC S
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Chapter I7 Counter flow of electrol
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INTRODUCTION 317 In various operati
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EXPERIMENTAL 0% 10 % a b 60 % a b a
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EXPERIMENTAL 381 caused by the coun
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CONCLUSION 383 c t r ’r; I I"
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APPENDICES
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Appendix A Simplified model of movi
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PROCEDURE OF COMPUTATION A.3. PROCE
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EXPERIMENTAL 39 1 TABLE A1 THEORETI
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DISCUSSION E I I Fig.A2. Graphical
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Appendix B Diameter of the narrow-b
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Appendix C Literature 1897-1966 F.
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LITERATURE 399 B.P. Konstantinov an
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LITERATURE 401 1971 L. Arlinger, Is
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LITERATURE 403 1973 L. Arlinger and
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LITERATURE 405 A. Chrambach and J.S
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LITERATURE 407 M. Coxon and M.J. Bi
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Symbols and abbreviations SYMBOLS A
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SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS SUPERSCRI
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Subject index A Absorption meter, U
Page 430 and 431:
SUBJECT INDEX 41 5 Detection limit
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SUBJECT INDEX 41 7 --_ , separation
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