Frans_M_Everaerts_Isotachophoresis_378342.pdf

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SUBJECT INDEX 41 7 --_ , separation 103 -__ , separation in aqueous systems using a conductivity detector (a.c. method) and a UV absorption detector (256 nm) 342-345 _ _ , separation ~ in aqueous systems using a thermometric detector 337ff 0 Ohm’s law 17 --_ , modified 51, 61,62, 388 Operational system 249 Overpotential 176 Overshoot 177, 178 P Parabolic profile 199 Peptides, amino acids and proteins 311 ff ___ , small, separation 335, 336 pH, determination 90 --_ , operational definition 89 pK values, determination 89-92 ___ , separations according to 83, 94, 98, 100 Polarization of micro-sensing electrode 176 Potential gradient detector 135 __- , circuit 137 Potentials, acidity 86 Power supply, current stabilized 229 Procedure of computation in moving-boundary electrophoresis 389 Profile of a zone boundary 172 Proteins, amino acids and peptides 311ff - _ -__ , separation in ampholyte gradients 322-335 Protolysis 33 Q Qualitative information 21-23 Qualitative information of amino acids 316, 317, 322 Qualitative information of anions 297, 298, 307-310, 363 Qualitative information of cations 287, 292, 293, 36 8 Qualitative information of halides 366 Qualitative information of nucleotides 342, 344 Quantitative aspects 273 Quantitative determination 21, 23 Quantitative information 21-23 R Radial temperature differences 75, 76 Reference materials for identification 99 Regulating function 42 Relaxation 36, 37 Relaxation effect 28 Reproducibility 275, 279 Resistance determination, a.c. method 135, 143 --_ , d.c. method 135 Resolution of isotachophoretic analysis 189 Retardation, electrophoretic 28, 36, 37 R~values 8 S Self-conductance 85 Self-correcting effect 11 Self-correction 15 Separation, partial 9 ___ , time needed 56 Separation boundary 44 ___ , velocity 4 8 Separation of anTonic species in aqueous solutions using a conductivity detector (ax. method) and a UV absorption detector (256 nm) 300-310 Separation of anionic species in aqueous solutions using a thermometric detector 295-300 Separation of anionic species in methanol using a thermometric detector 362-364 Separation of cationic species in aqueous solutions using a conductivity detector (ax. method) and a UV absorption detector (256 nm) 293,294 Separation of cationic species in aqueous solutions using a thermocouple as detector 283-293 Separation of cationic species in methanol using a thermometric detector 364-373 Separation of fatty acids in a methanolic system 108 Separation of nucleotides 103 Separation of nucleotides in aqueous systems using a thermometric detector 337ff
41 8 SUBJECT INDEX Separation of nucleotides in aqueous systems using a conductivity detector (a.c. method) and a UV absorption detector (256 nm) 342-345 Separation of peptides 335, 336 Separation of proteins in ampholyte gradients 322-335 Separations according to mobilities 83, 98, 100 Separations according to pK values 83, 94, 98, 100 Separations in aqueous methanolic systems using a conductimetric detector (a.c. method) and UV absorption detector (256 nm) 373 Solvents, choice 84-92 --- , methanol 87-92 --_ , acidic 86 --- ,basic 86 --_ , classes 87 Spacer functions 325 Spacers 99,100 Stabilizers 99 Stacking electrophoresis 18 Stationary state 48 Steady state 13,57 Steady-state in isotachophoresis, computer program 74 Supporting electrolyte 7 Surface-active chemicals 99 Surface-active compounds used in isotachophoretic analyses 181 Surfactants, influence on the isotachophoretic separation 189 Synchronous detector, UV detection 163 Systems, combination 11 1 T Tailing 8 Tap, four-way 204,205 Terminating electrolyte 13 Terminating ionic species, choice 96-99 Thermocouple, construction 119-1 25 --- , differential 121, 124 Thermocouple as detector, separation of cationic species in aqueous solutions 283-293 Thermometric detector, separation of anionic species in aqueous solutions 295-300 --- , separation of anionic species in methanol 362-364 --_ , separation of cationic species in methanol 364-373 --_ , separation of nucleotides in aqueous systems 337ff Thermometric recording 119-1 30 Thermometric signals, differentiating, circuit 123 Thermostating, circuit 222 Trace amounts, determination 168 Transport number 30 Trouble-shooting 249, 250 U UV absorption detector (256 nm) and a conductimetric detector (a.c. method), separations in aqueous methanolic systems 373 UV absorption detector and conductivity detector (a.c. method), separation of anionic species in aqueous solutions 300-310 UV absorption detector (256 nm) and ccnductivity detector (a.c. method), separation of cationic species in aqueous solutions 293, 294 UV absorption detector (256 nm) and conductivity detector (a.c. method), separation of nucleotides in aqueous systems 342-345 UV absorption meter 153-170 W cell 164, 165 UV detector, dilution technique 169 W detector combination with modulated UV source 162 UV detector combination with non-modulated UV 160 W method, indirect 166 UV source, circuit 157 _-- , construction 155-159 _-_ , mechanical construction 158 V Valve, six-way 205-208 W Water-jacket, isotachophoretic equipment with 219 Z Zone boundary, influence of diffusion 74 -__ , profile 172 Zone electrophoresis 7 Zone length 18 Zones, mixed 9, 13 _-_ , adapted 18 Zones of impurities 96
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Journal of Chromatogaphy Library -
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Journal of Chromatography Library -
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Dedicated to Pr0f.Dr.h. A.I.M. Keul
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Contents Preface ..................
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CONTENTS IX 6.4.2. The d.c. method
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CONTENTS XI 12.2.2. Applications ..
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It is very well known that charged
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Chapter 1 Historical review SUMMARY
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HISTORICAL REVIEW 3 Independently i
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THEORY
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Chapter 2 Principles of electrophor
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MOVINGBOUNDARY ELECTROPHORESIS a S
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MOVINGBOUNDARY ELECTROPHORESIS 0 iu
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ISOTACHOPHORESIS 13 2.4. PRINCIPLE
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ISOTACHOPHORESIS 15 As the anionic
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ISOTACHOPHORESIS velocities, so tha
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ISOTACHOPHORESIS 19 d.t ’.t I Fig
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ISOTACHOPHORESIS 21 t Fig.2.8. Isot
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ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING 23 The four is
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DISCUSSION 25 Fig.2.11. Survey of t
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Chapter 3 Concept of mobility SUMMA
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IONIC MOBILITY AND IONIC EQUIVALENT
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EFFECTIVE IONIC MOBILITY 31 obtain
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EFFECTIVE IONIC MOBILITY 33 compari
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EFFECTIVE IONIC MOBILITY Fig.3.4. R
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DETERMINATION OF IONIC MOBILITIES 3
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DETERMINATION OF IONIC MOBILITIES 3
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Chapter 4 Mathematical model for is
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GENERAL EQUATIONS 43 anionic specie
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GENERAL EQUATIONS 4.2.1. Equilibriu
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GENERAL EQUATIONS 41 i Similar equa
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GENERAL EQUATIONS 49 Uthzone (U-llt
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GENERAL EQUATIONS 4.2.4. Modified O
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GENERAL EQUATIONS TABLE 4.2 REDUCED
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MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE STEADY S
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VALIDITY OF THE ISOTACHOPHORETIC MO
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CHECK OF THE ISOTACHOPHORETIC MODEL
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CHECK OF THE ISOTACHOPHORETIC MODEL
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REFERENCES 81 Fig.4.17. Relationshi
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Chapter 5 Choice of electrolyte sys
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CHOICE OF THE SOLVENT 85 In general
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CHOICE OF THE SOLVENT TABLE 5.2 THE
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CHOICE OF THE SOLVENT pH and pKvalu
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CHOICE OF THE SOLVENT 91 TABLE 5.4
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CHOICE OF THE pH OF THE LEADING ELE
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CHOICE OF THE pH OF THE LEADING ELE
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CHOICE OF THE TERMINATING AND LEADI
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ADDITIONS TO THE ELECTROLYTE SOLUTI
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EXAMPLES Choice of solvent. Can wat
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EXAMPLES 103 solvent, hoping that a
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EXAMPLES TABLE 5.11 STEP HEIGHTS OF
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EXAMPLES TABLE 5.12 STEP HEIGHTS OF
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Fig.5.9. Isotachopherograms of the
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EXAMPLES II 4 3 Fig.5.11. Isotachop
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REFERENCES 113 Example I. As exampl
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INSTRUMENTATION
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Chapter 6 Detection systems SUMMARY
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THERMOMETRIC RECORDING 6.1.3. Combi
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THERMOMETRIC RECORDING Potential gr
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THERMOMETRIC RECORDING /2 Fig.6.1.
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THERMOMETRIC RECORDING T t l Fig.6.
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THERMOMETRIC RECORDING 7 127 It-- I
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THERMOMETRIC RECORDING a concentrat
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HIGH-FREQUENCY CONDUCTIVITY DETECTI
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CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION 133 Fig.6.9.
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CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION 135 The d.c.
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CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION 137 Hi V 1kR
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CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION Fig.6.12. Co
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CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION Fig.6.14. Th
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CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION 143 6.4.4. T
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CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION 145 contact
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CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION 147 We can n
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CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION 149 N.Y., U.
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CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION 151 achieved
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UV ABSORPTION METER 153 -_-.- +- R
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UV ABSORPTION METER Fig.6.22. Contr
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W ABSORPTION METER r +15V -15V Mod
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W ABSORPTION METER 159 TABLE 6.4 PR
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W ABSORPTION METER 230 240 2% m zm
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to Mod (Fig 6.24) oscillator I sync
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UV ABSORPTION METER 165 dicular to
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Fig.6.31. Isotachopherograms for th
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UV ABSORPTION METER 169 50 Fig.6.33
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ADDITIVES TO THE ELECTROLYTES 171 6
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ADDITIVES TO THE ELECTROLYTES 173 e
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ADDITIVES TO THE ELECTROLYTES 175 a
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ADDITIVES TO THE ELECTROLYTES 177 o
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ADDITIVES TO THE ELECTROLYTES 179 d
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ADDITIVES TO THE ELECTROLYTES 181 T
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ADDITIVES TO THE ELECTROLYTES Fig.6
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ADDITIVES TO THE ELECTROLYTES 185 F
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ADDITIVES TO THE ELECTROLYTES 1 2 3
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ADDITIVES TO THE ELECTROLYTES 189 n
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COATING OF THE MICRO-SENSING ELECTR
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DETECTION LIMITS 193 electric drivi
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DETECTION LIMITS 195 Fig.6.48. Infl
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DETECTION LIMITS 197 TABLE 6.6 SURV
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CONCLUSION 199 average length of a
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REFERENCES 201 seen. Again it is cl
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Chapter 7 Instrumentation SUMMARY T
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INJECTION SYSTEMS I! I n Fig.7.1. P
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INJECTION SYSTEMS Fig.7.3. Exploded
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INJECTION SYSTEMS Fig.7.5. Injectio
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COUNTER ELECTRODE COMPARTMENTS 21 1
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COUNTER ELECTRODE COMPARTMENTS Even
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COUNTER ELECTRODE COMPARTMENTS 21 5
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EQUIPMENT the large bore, a more di
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EQUIPMENT 219 belonging to three cl
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EQUIPMENT 221 signal of the thermoc
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EQUIF'MENT 223 No effect on the res
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EQUIPMENT 225 Fig.7.14. Electrophor
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EQUIPMENT Fig.7.16. Photograph of t
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EQUIPMENT 229 mounted equiplanar, w
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COUNTER FLOW OF ELECTROLYTE 231 ins
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COUNTER FLOW OF ELECTROLYTE p High
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COUNTER FLOW OF ELECTROLYTE Fig.7.2
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COUNTER FLOW OF ELECTROLYTE 231 aro
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COUNTER FLOW OF ELECTROLYTE p high
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COUNTER FLOW OF ELECTROLYTE 24 1 7.
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COUNTER FLOW OF ELECTROLYTE I I 31
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COUNTER FLOW OF ELECTROLYTE max. 15
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APPLICATIONS
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Chapter 8 Introduction SUMMARY In t
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INTRODUCTION 25 1 the various ionic
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Chapter 9 Practical aspects SUMMARY
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DISTURBANCES CAUSED BY H+ AND OH 25
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DISTURBANCES CAUSED BY H+ AND OH- 2
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DISTURBANCES DUE TO CO, 263 Electro
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ENFORCED ISOTACHOPHORESIS 265 t T T
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WATER AS TERMINATOR 267 function of
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PURIFICATION OF THE TERMINATOR 7 4
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REFERENCES 271 AS an example, the c
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Chapter 10 Quantitative aspects SUM
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THERMOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS 215 vj c
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THERMOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS TABLE 10.
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CONDUCTIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS factor
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CONCLUSION 28 1 Tables 10.3-10.5 wa
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Chapter 11 Separation of cationic s
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SEPARATION USING A THERMOCOUPLE AS
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I SEPARATION USING A THERMOCOUPLE A
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SEPARATION USING CONDUCTIVITY AND U
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Chapter I2 Separation of anionic sp
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SEPARATION USING A THERMOMETRIC DET
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SEPARATION USING CONDUCTIVITY AND W
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Chapter 13 Amino acids, peptides an
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AMINO ACIDS TABLE 13.1 OPERATIONAL
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AMINO ACIDS 8- ?- 6- 5- 4- 3- 2- f-
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AMINO ACIDS 317 TABLE 13.5 STEP HEI
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AMINO ACIDS Fig.13.3. Schematic dia
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AMINO ACIDS TABLE 13.6 DETERMINATIO
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SEPARATION OF PROTEINS IN AMPHOLYTE
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SEPARATION OF SMALL PEPTIDES reprod
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Chapter I4 Separation of nucleotide
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Chapter 15 Enzymatic reactions SUMM
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ENZYMATIC CONVERSION OF GLUCOSE (FR
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ENZYMATIC CONVERSION OF PYRUVATE 35
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Chapter 16 Separations in non-aqueo
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SEPARATION OF ANIONIC SPECIES IN ME
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SEPARATION OF CATIONIC SPECIES IN M
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Page 388 and 389: EXPERIMENTS IN AQUEOUS METHANOLIC S
Page 390 and 391: Chapter I7 Counter flow of electrol
Page 392 and 393: INTRODUCTION 317 In various operati
Page 394 and 395: EXPERIMENTAL 0% 10 % a b 60 % a b a
Page 396 and 397: EXPERIMENTAL 381 caused by the coun
Page 398 and 399: CONCLUSION 383 c t r ’r; I I"
Page 400 and 401: APPENDICES
Page 402 and 403: Appendix A Simplified model of movi
Page 404 and 405: PROCEDURE OF COMPUTATION A.3. PROCE
Page 406 and 407: EXPERIMENTAL 39 1 TABLE A1 THEORETI
Page 408 and 409: DISCUSSION E I I Fig.A2. Graphical
Page 410 and 411: Appendix B Diameter of the narrow-b
Page 412 and 413: Appendix C Literature 1897-1966 F.
Page 414 and 415: LITERATURE 399 B.P. Konstantinov an
Page 416 and 417: LITERATURE 401 1971 L. Arlinger, Is
Page 418 and 419: LITERATURE 403 1973 L. Arlinger and
Page 420 and 421: LITERATURE 405 A. Chrambach and J.S
Page 422 and 423: LITERATURE 407 M. Coxon and M.J. Bi
Page 424 and 425: Symbols and abbreviations SYMBOLS A
Page 426 and 427: SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS SUPERSCRI
Page 428 and 429: Subject index A Absorption meter, U
Page 430 and 431: SUBJECT INDEX 41 5 Detection limit
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