Philip II and Alexander the Great: Father and Son ... - Historia Antigua

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THE ASTHETAIROI 89 a belt-plate from a late third or second century B.C. tomb at Vele Ledine in Montenegro. 71 Liampi connects the description of the plunder carried in Aemilius Paullus’ triumph with a Roman Republican coin commemorating this victory with a depiction of a Macedonian shield with the concentric motif. 72 In Plutarch’s Life of Aemilius Paullus (32.6), the Macedonian shields are associated with “long Macedonian spears,” an obvious reference to the sarisai. While the concentric circle motif is generally regarded as the common shield decoration, it is clear that over the years Macedonian shields could be painted with various designs, including the Macedonian star or sunburst. 73 Liampi, however, does not regard the star as a usual shield emblem for any element in the Macedonian army, 74 even though the star or sunburst motif with varying rays appears with some frequency. It is found on a number of shield depictions: one of the frescoes in the tomb of Lyson and Kallikles, 75 the miniature shield from the tomb at Katerini, 76 a shield fragment from Florina, 77 the Shield of Pharnaces, 78 the Diadem of Amphipolis, 79 and on the Boscoreale mosaic. 80 It is, therefore, very possible that the “ asth” is short for “ astēr,” star, and was initially a nickname, asteresetairoi, which when contracted became asthetairoi. 81 That it was in some fashion a nickname seems apparent from Arrian’s frequently used phrase “the καλούμενοι (kaloumenoi) asthetairoi” (Arr. Anab. 4.23.1; 6.6.1; 7.11.3). A similar situation occurred with the change in name of Alexander’s hypaspists to the argyraspids. 82 While Hammond interprets kaloumenoi as meaning “renowned,” 83 and Milns suggests that the term meant “out of the ordinary knowledge of the writer and experience of the writer himself, or . . . his readers,” 84 Arrian uses the word typically to mean very basically “called.” 85 As with the asthetairoi, the word in Arrian on occasion would be appropriately translated “so-called,” implying that the term was either of recent or an initially unoffi cial origin. With respect to the latter, in 335, Alexander invaded the territory of the “so-called” ( kaloumenoi) independent Thracians ( Anab. 1.1.5), and at Gaugamela, there are Persian units described as the “so-called ( kaloumenoi ) transplanted Carians” (Anab. 3.2.5) and the “so-called ( kaloumenoi) mountaineer Indians” ( Anab. 3.8.4), and one of Alexander’s brigades in the same battle was designated the “‘so-called’ ( kaloumenoi) old mercenaries” ( Anab. 3.12.2). As with the other inter pretations of the origin and meaning of asthetairoi, this one also has problems. Etymologically astēr, asteros, in various combinations apparently conforms to the pattern of Greek syncopated nouns and never loses the rho. 86 It is possible that the absence of the rho in asthetairoi is a dialectical aspect of Greek in Macedonia. But to this date there is no
90 PHILIP AND ALEXANDER AT WAR such evidence. However, nicknames do not always follow grammatical rules. Philip’s, and later Alexander’s, army, was successful in part owing to its mixed armament. This force consisted of heavy and light cavalry, peltasts, archers, slingers, hoplites, and sarisa bearers. This was an army designed to meet every contingency.
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PHILIP II AND ALEXANDER THE GREAT
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Philip II and Alexander the Great F
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to William Aarnes and Eriko Ogden
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Preface I n July of 1997, A. B. Bos
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Contents Contributors, xi Abbreviat
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Contributors Edward M. Anson is Pro
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CONTRIBUTORS xiii Víctor Alonso Tr
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Abbreviations AA Archäologischer A
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ABBREVIATIONS xvii SB Preisigke, F.
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Introduction T he careers of Philip
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INTRODUCTION xxi was once one of th
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INTRODUCTION xxiii Worthington’s
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PART I Father, Son, and Court
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1 The “Pixodarus Affair” Recons
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THE “PIXODARUS AFFAIR” RECONSID
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2 The Bearded King and the Beardles
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THE BEARDED KING AND THE BEARDLESS
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3 In the Shadow of His Father Alexa
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IN THE SHADOW OF HIS FATHER 27 grie
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IN THE SHADOW OF HIS FATHER 29 clea
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IN THE SHADOW OF HIS FATHER 31 rule
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4 Philip’s Eurydice in the Philip
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PHILIP’S EURYDICE IN THE PHILIPPE
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PHILIP’S EURYDICE IN THE PHILIPPE
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Page 68 and 69: 5 Putting Women in Their Place Wome
Page 70 and 71: PUTTING WOMEN IN THEIR PLACE 45 wit
Page 72 and 73: PUTTING WOMEN IN THEIR PLACE 47 cou
Page 74 and 75: PUTTING WOMEN IN THEIR PLACE 49 fro
Page 76 and 77: PUTTING WOMEN IN THEIR PLACE 51 Wer
Page 78 and 79: PUTTING WOMEN IN THEIR PLACE 53 by
Page 80 and 81: 6 The Symposia of Philip II and Ale
Page 82 and 83: THE SYMPOSIA OF PHILIP II AND ALEXA
Page 92 and 93: PART II Philip and Alexander at War
Page 94 and 95: 7 Consensus Strategies under Philip
Page 96 and 97: CONSENSUS STRATEGIES UNDER PHILIP A
Page 104 and 105: Table 7.1 Wars War Aims Enemies Pre
Page 106 and 107: 8 The Asthetairoi Macedonia’s Hop
Page 108 and 109: THE ASTHETAIROI 83 (Arr. Anab. 4.22
Page 110 and 111: THE ASTHETAIROI 85 and diversity. H
Page 112 and 113: THE ASTHETAIROI 87 not so armed and
Page 116 and 117: 9 The Argeads and the Phalanx A. B.
Page 118 and 119: THE ARGEADS AND THE PHALANX 93 Hali
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Page 122 and 123: THE ARGEADS AND THE PHALANX 97 a gr
Page 124 and 125: THE ARGEADS AND THE PHALANX 99 as t
Page 126 and 127: THE ARGEADS AND THE PHALANX 101 cav
Page 128 and 129: 10 Scythed Chariots at Gaugamela A
Page 130 and 131: SCYTHED CHARIOTS AT GAUGAMELA 105 3
Page 132 and 133: SCYTHED CHARIOTS AT GAUGAMELA 107 i
Page 134 and 135: SCYTHED CHARIOTS AT GAUGAMELA 109 g
Page 136 and 137: PART III After Philip and Alexander
Page 138 and 139: 11 Cassander and the Legacy of Phil
Page 140 and 141: CASSANDER AND THE LEGACY OF PHILIP
Page 148 and 149: 12 The Role of the Argeadai in the
Page 150 and 151: THE ROLE OF THE ARGEADAI 125 and ar
Page 152 and 153: THE ROLE OF THE ARGEADAI 127 size a
Page 154 and 155: THE ROLE OF THE ARGEADAI 129 invent
Page 156 and 157: THE ROLE OF THE ARGEADAI 131 One of
Page 158 and 159: THE ROLE OF THE ARGEADAI 133 the ef
Page 160 and 161: 13 Hieronymus of Cardia Causation a
Page 162 and 163: HIERONYMUS OF CARDIA 137 command fr
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B. Elitist Approach in Hieronymus H
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HIERONYMUS OF CARDIA 141 Demetrius
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HIERONYMUS OF CARDIA 143 the marchi
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HIERONYMUS OF CARDIA 145 adds that
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HIERONYMUS OF CARDIA 147 completing
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PART IV Reception of Father and Son
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14 Argead Dunasteia during the Reig
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ARGEAD DUNASTEIA 153 Hatzopoulos of
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ARGEAD DUNASTEIA 155 Plato and his
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ARGEAD DUNASTEIA 157 campaigns. He
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ARGEAD DUNASTEIA 159 what concrete
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ARGEAD DUNASTEIA 161 things that ev
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ARGEAD DUNASTEIA 163 power from wit
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15 “Worldwide Empire” versus
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“WORLDWIDE EMPIRE” VERSUS “GL
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16 “You Should Never Meet Your He
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“YOU SHOULD NEVER MEET YOUR HEROE
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17 His Son’s Father? Philip II in
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HIS SON’S FATHER? 195 who were no
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HIS SON’S FATHER? 197 advisor to
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HIS SON’S FATHER? 199 Alexander q
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HIS SON’S FATHER? 201 his father,
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HIS SON’S FATHER? 203 also helps
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18 Alexander in the Underworld Dani
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ALEXANDER IN THE UNDERWORLD 207 rel
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ALEXANDER IN THE UNDERWORLD 209 “
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ALEXANDER IN THE UNDERWORLD 211 str
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ALEXANDER IN THE UNDERWORLD 213 str
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ALEXANDER IN THE UNDERWORLD 215 Ava
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19 “And Your Father Sees You” P
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“AND YOUR FATHER SEES YOU” 219
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Notes Chapter 1 1. Translation adap
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NOTES TO PAGES 9-11 235 2006: 155 n
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NOTES TO PAGES 14-15 237 12. So Ste
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NOTES TO PAGES 17-19 239 court ( FG
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NOTES TO PAGES 22-23 241 54. Von Gr
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NOTES TO PAGE 26 243 4. Cf. Heckel
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NOTES TO PAGES 28-29 245 1991: 220-
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NOTES TO PAGES 31-33 247 64. Cf. Ha
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NOTES TO PAGES 38-41 249 24. On the
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NOTES TO PAGES 45-46 251 25. Carney
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NOTES TO PAGES 48-49 253 56. Paspal
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NOTES TO PAGES 50-52 255 was essent
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NOTES TO PAGES 56-59 257 and De ira
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NOTES TO PAGES 61-63 259 29. Pace P
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NOTES TO PAGES 70-72 261 2. Dem. 5.
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NOTES TO PAGES 75-78 263 52. Dem. 1
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NOTES TO PAGES 82-84 265 14. Markle
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NOTES TO PAGES 87-89 267 55. As Ham
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NOTES TO PAGES 93-95 269 of Badian
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NOTES TO PAGES 97-99 271 35. “The
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NOTES TO PAGES 104-107 273 2. Brunt
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NOTES TO PAGES 109-114 275 or left,
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NOTES TO PAGES 116-117 277 26. See
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NOTES TO PAGES 118-120 279 events i
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NOTES TO PAGES 123-126 281 6. Consi
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NOTES TO PAGES 127-129 283 31. Mør
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Chapter 13 NOTES TO PAGES 135-139 2
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Chapter 14 NOTES TO PAGES 151-152 2
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91-92. Chapter 15 NOTES TO PAGES 16
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NOTES TO PAGES 170-175 291 34. On t
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NOTES TO PAGES 178-184 293 20. Fara
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NOTES TO PAGES 191-194 295 7. These
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NOTES TO PAGES 195-198 297 like tha
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NOTES TO PAGES 201-205 299 50. Bosw
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NOTES TO PAGES 209-212 301 19. Virg
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NOTES TO PAGES 216-223 303 recent f
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Bibliography Adams, W. L. 1980. “
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 307 ——— 2009.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 309 Bloomer, W. M. 199
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 311 ——— 2003. Ae
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 313 Charneux, P. 1966.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 315 Eckstein, A. M. 20
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 317 Gill, C. 2000. “
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 319 ——— 1983. Th
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 321 Hogarth, D. G. 189
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 323 urbanitas. Miscell
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 325 Marcadé, J., and
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 327 ——— 1990b.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 329 Prestianni Giallom
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 331 Savalli-Lestrade,
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 333 Smelser, N. J., an
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 335 Treu, G. 1882. “
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 337 Whitehorne, J. 199
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Index Note: Only endnotes incorpora
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Duris of Samos 46, 49, 60, 63, 135,
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Ptolemy II Philadelphus 20, 128, 13
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