Philip II and Alexander the Great: Father and Son ... - Historia Antigua

242 NOTES TO PAGES 23–25
arch’s outlook might not be void of meaning: the Macedonian civilized
leader would contrast with the Celtic otherness, normally featured by
the typical moustaches of its warriors, in addition to the torques. This
numismatic evidence is not discussed by Kabus-Preisshofen 1989: 105,
who argues for a bearded Gonatas, “Philosoph auf dem Thron,” nor by
Dontas 1983, for whom the bearded bust from Copenhagen would not be
Philip II’s, but Gonatas’, in mourning for his son Halcioneus. Finally, it
is worth mentioning Stewart’s perceptive analysis of the seated and
unbearded Antigonid king in the Boscoreale frescoes (1993: 279 n. 46).
64. Cf. Kabus-Preisshofen 1989: 102–05, 281–82, pl. 28: her arguments
are plausible, but not compelling.
65. For a good discussion, cf. Bohm 1989: 39–42. Errington 1976: 153–
54 has also underlined this aspect of the Antigonid propaganda, as well
as Carney 2007a: 56.
66. See Wannagat 2001: 57–60 and Davidson 2007: 527 n. 29, who has
called attention to the fact that beards are “ ethnically marked.” Not without
interest is also Miller 2007: 316–18.
67. For a battle of images see Alonso, García 2009.
68. See Giesey 1985: 60–62; Burke 1992: 3, 28, 35, 37, 41, 44–45, 68–69,
195–97 (fi gs. 9, 10, 15); Schaub 2003; Mérot 2007. None of them, however,
has explained the Bourbon’s change in facial hair from this point of view.
69. This study is part of the research project Iconografía de la realeza
e identidad cultural en el Oriente helenístico (HUM2006–00980), fi nanced
by the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia. The university l ibraries
of Madrid and Oxford have helped me a lot to cope with the bibliography.
I am grateful to O. Palagia and O. Tekin for comments offered
when this paper was delivered in Clemson and later in Istanbul,
thanks to E. Carney’s and M. Sayar’s invitations. Special thanks are
given to the editors, E. Carney and D. Ogden, not only for their assistance
with the English text, but also for their valuable criticisms and for
the bibliographical orientations. R.R.R. Smith was kind enough to offer
me his hospitality in Oxford (Lincoln College) and to read the last draft
of this paper with a sharp eye for unwarranted suppositions and methodological
issues. Remaining faults are, of course, my own.
Chapter 3
1. Lucian, D.M. 14. Cf. Baldwin 1961: 200.
2. Cf. Lucian, D.M. 13 where the Cynic philosopher Diogenes taunts
Alexander with his claim to be the son of Ammon.
3. Cf. Baynham 2003: 3–19; Bosworth 2003: 1–5; Engels 2006: 12–16;
Heckel 2008: 5–10.