Philip II and Alexander the Great: Father and Son ... - Historia Antigua

NOTES TO PAGES 123–126 281
6. Consider the short-lived kingdom of Lysimachus in Thrace
(see Lund 1992).
7. For an overview of events until the Battle of Ipsus in 301 B.C. see
Billows 1990.
8. The most straightforward case of an outside pretender is apparently
that of Argaios, who in 393 B.C. appears to have expelled Amyntas
III from his kingdom with the help of Illyrians. Diodorus (14.92.4) mentions
that he ruled for two years after that, but acceptance of this comment
has become increasingly challenged: see Borza 1992: 182, 297 with
references. However, although we possess no information as to his origins
or family, he does bear an Argead royal name. According to Herodotus
(8.139.1) an Argaios ruled Macedonia around the middle of the seventh
century B.C. As Argead royal names have a high frequency of repetition,
this might imply that the pretender Argaios was in some way related to
the royal house. Of course, without any additional evidence this remains
only a conjecture.
9. Huss 1994: part I.
10. Smelser and Baltes 2001, s.v. “legitimacy, sociology of.” See also
Mann 1986: 7 and Weber 1978: 212–301.
11. Weber 1978, Barker 2001: 1–29.
12. Gruen 1958.
13. Austin 1986: esp. 457–461, Carney 1995: 375.
14. Bosworth 2002: 246–278.
15. Weber 1978: 212–301 distinguishes between three ideal types of
legitimate authority: legal (which, as the outcome of a legally established
impersonal order, cannot fi nd its parallel in the Classical and Hellenistic
world), traditional, and charismatic.
16. Stewart 1993, Stephens 2003, Kosmetatou 2004: 226–227, with
references to earlier work.
17. Consider the Memphis Decree ( OGIS 96 ll. 35–38 of the Greek,
Budge 1989) where the legitimacy accrued by the various benefactions is
extended not only to the king’s children/successors, but also backward to
his ancestors.
18. For Pharaonic prototypes in Ptolemaic royal iconography and
titulary see Stanwick 2002, Hölbl 2000: 79–81.
19. See Plut. Dem. 41.4–5, Pyrr. 8.1, Bosworth 2002: 275, 278, Chaniotis
2005: 58, Bingen 2007: 15–30.
20. For the Greeks and Macedonians as the source of dynastic stability
for the Ptolemies see Bagnall 2007: 279.
21. The only unambiguous reference to a cult and priesthood of
Alexander the Founder ( Kτίστης ) comes from a papyrus of 120–121 A.D.
(SB 3.6611): see Fraser 1972: i.212. However, the so-called Alexander
Romance of Ps.-Callisthenes, which was never intended as an accurate