Philip II and Alexander the Great: Father and Son ... - Historia Antigua

NOTES TO PAGES 14–15 237
12. So Stewart 1993: 107–12, quoting Paus. 1.9.4, although others
(see Stewart 1993: 107–12 for references) derive this head and the
“Alcibiades” from the Olympian group by Leochares.
13. Pollitt 1986: 59.
14. Gebauer 1938/39: pl. 15; Bieber 1964: fi g. 12; Smith 1988: pl. 3;
Stewart 1993: fi g. 9.
15. It was Gebauer 1938/39: 72–73 who fi rst called attention to this
connection. For this sculpture see Richter 1965: fi gs. 449–50; von Graeve
1973: fi gs. 3–8.
16. As Stewart 1993: 108 maintains, developing Gebauer’s reading.
Obviously the contrast would work also on the hypothesis that both
heads were copied from the Philippeum group.
17. Cf. Schultz 2007: 213–21 on the material, composition, and appearance
of the statues, although he does not deal with their facial hair; and
Carney 2007a for the dynastic dimension of the monument.
18. On Philip’s portraiture see Bieber 1964: 19–21 and von Graeve
1973; but also Dontas 1983. His iconographic identifi cation with Zeus in
the statue set up by the Ephesians has been highlighted by Schwarzenberg
1976: 260–61. Cf. now Schultz 2007: 218–19 for further religious and
artistic connections.
19. According to the archaeological reconstruction (see, e.g., Themelis
1991: 52–53), the sculptor would have divided the fi gures into two
groups: one made up of naked and unbearded athletes, and the other of
robed and bearded forefathers, cast in the role of civil and military
personalities.
20. Andronicos 1984: fi gs. 77–79, 81.
21. As Bieber 1964: 13 and Pollitt 1986: 31 maintained and as Stewart
1993: 54, 105 seems also to accept.
22. Berve 1926: 52.
23. See Hölscher 1973: 174–80; Stewart 1993: text fi gs. 4–5, fi gs. 25–27;
Cohen 1997: 63–68.
24. It has been argued that both the beard and the Corinthian helmet
formed part of a conventional depiction of a stratēgos (so Poulsen 1993:
161–62 n. 6), but let me note that the fi gure on horseback and his spear
evoke the Macedonian cavalry, rather than a Greek infantry general. Cf.
also Hölscher 1973: 176, who rightly refers to the old scenes of heroic
single combat.
25. Stewart 1993: 152–53.
26. Philip’s concern for the internationalization of his offi cial image
has been recently underlined by Carney 2007a: 28–30. On the Olympian
tholos as a theatrical space, designed for viewing and display, proclaiming
the Argead’s status as the most powerful man in the Greek world, see
Schultz 2007: 221–25.