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10 RECOMMENDATIONS This should certainly be the case if a port or terminal is involved in a dangerous goods incident/accident or if a review is demanded by circumstances such as major changes to storage or handling systems, the emergence of new technologies, changes in the state of knowledge about certain hazards or the availability of new control measures. Based on data compiled and risk assessed by the National Working Groups (see Volume I) in addition to questionnaires and national consultations, priority areas have been assigned to the different ports and terminals each of the riparian countries. These are: • Cambodia–Terminal Limited Controls; • Cambodia–Phnom Penh Port; • Viet Nam–Standard Terminal; • Thailand–Standard Inland Port; and • Lao PDR–Standard Inland Port. The priority areas are based on ports handling dangerous goods in packaged form and terminals handling dangerous goods in bulk. The International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code was used as a reference since most riparian countries are familiar with the Code. 2.2 PREPARATION OF RECOMMENDATIONS Some of the recommendations that follow will not be applicable to all Member Countries as they are already covered by existing national regulations or standards. If such regulations or standards are stricter, they must be observed and these recommendations do not apply. In Volume I, risk levels were categorized in a numbered format. The possible consequence of each hazard was given a rating and this was multiplied by frequency of occurrence: Risk Level = Frequency of accidents/incidents x Severity of the Consequences To reduce the risk level, it is necessary to: • reduce the frequency of accidents/incidents from happening; • reduce the possible severity of consequences when an accident/incident happens; and • reduce both the frequency and the severity of the possible consequences Recommendations for prevention are intended to remove the causes of incidents or reduce the likelihood/frequency of an incident occurring. The hazard remains but the frequency of incidents involving the hazard is lowered. Control measures taken before an accident/incident, emergency, loss or problem occurs. An examples of a prevention measures are isolating valves to enable safe maintenance work, operating procedures and instructions. Recommendations for mitigation are intended to reduce the severity of the consequences of an incident, ensuring that there are measures in place to respond effectively to incidents i.e. contingency planning and emergency response. They may be considered as the "last line of defence" if the risk cannot be reduced to a negligible level by other means. Control measures taken after an accident/ incident, emergency, loss or problem has occurred. Examples of mitigation measures include fire- suppression and fire-detection systems, emergency planning and procedures. The example of hot work on the following page illustrates that both recommendations for prevention and mitigation are important. Even if all possible prevention measures are in place to carry out hot work, the possibility of an accident (fire, explosion, injury) occurring will always exist (for example, human error) and therefore mitigation measures are necessary.
HAZARD HOT WORK RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PREVENTION USE OF HOT WORK PERMIT USE OF CHECKLIST MEASUREMENTS FOR EXPLOSIVE GAS MIXTURE ACCIDENT FIRE EXPLOSION RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MITIGATION FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN CONSEQUENCES CASUALTIES / INJURIES DESTRUCTION OF PROPERTY DAMAGE TO SURROUNDING COMMUNITIES Figure 8: Examples of Prevention and Mitigation Measures PORTS AND TERMINALS 11
Page 1 and 2: 2 3 5.1 CARRIAGE, HANDLING AND STOR
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Key MRC staff, memb
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS III 3.3.3.2 Safety Managem
Page 9 and 10: ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ADN Acco
Page 11 and 12: ILO International Labor Organisatio
Page 13 and 14: PPE Personal Protective Equipment P
Page 15 and 16: DEFINITIONS Administration: means t
Page 17 and 18: DEFINITIONS XIII Loading arm: an ar
Page 19 and 20: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY RECOMMENDATIONS (
Page 21 and 22: 1. FROM RISK ANALYSIS TO RECOMMENDA
Page 23 and 24: FROM RISK ANALYSIS TO RECOMMENDATIO
Page 25 and 26: FROM RISK ANALYSIS TO RECOMMENDATIO
Page 27 and 28: 1.3.3 Enforcement and Compliance FR
Page 29: 2. PORTS AND TERMINALS 2.1 INTRODUC
Page 33 and 34: 2.3 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PREVENTION
Page 35 and 36: PORTS AND TERMINALS 15 The ISPS Cod
Page 37 and 38: ACTIONS Technical and Management PO
Page 39 and 40: PORTS AND TERMINALS 19 • OISD-STD
Page 41 and 42: ACTIONS Technical and Management (c
Page 45 and 46: PORTS AND TERMINALS 25 Fire and gas
Page 51 and 52: References ILO Code of Practice on
Page 53 and 54: For the segregation table the follo
Page 55 and 56: 2.3.4.3 Monitoring and Control of D
Page 57 and 58: References International Safety Gui
Page 59 and 60: 2.3.4.6 Drug and Alcohol Policy REC
Page 61 and 62: Tier 1 PORTS AND TERMINALS 41 • S
Page 63 and 64: PORTS AND TERMINALS 43 • Planning
Page 65 and 66: PORTS AND TERMINALS 45 • Dangerou
Page 67 and 68: Technical and Management (continued
Page 69 and 70: 2.4.2.2 Portable and Mobile Firefig
Page 77 and 78: 3. VESSELS 3.1 INTRODUCTION RECOMME
Page 79 and 80: VESSELS 59 Priority levels are base
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References VESSELS 61 • ADN (Euro
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VESSELS 63 collisions. If a VTS sys
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VESSELS 65 important cause was "mai
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Drip Trays VESSELS 67 Suitable drip
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ACTIONS Technical and Management (c
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Institutional and Capacity Building
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3.3.2.7 Bunkering Operations Target
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VESSELS 81 Special attention is nee
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VESSELS 83 To deliver the required
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For port facilities, the requiremen
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VESSELS 91 including the kind of PP
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guidelines are given as these are s
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References • IMO Resolution MSC.2
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VESSELS 99 oil pollution incident h
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ACTIONS Institutional and Capacity
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104 RECOMMENDATIONS d. Navigation,
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106 RECOMMENDATIONS Table 5: Summar
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108 RECOMMENDATIONS 4.3.2 Minimum S
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110 RECOMMENDATIONS tool that would
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112 RECOMMENDATIONS 4.3.8 Establish
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114 RECOMMENDATIONS Ship's skipper
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116 RECOMMENDATIONS
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118 RECOMMENDATIONS • ILO Code of
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120 RECOMMENDATIONS Due to the lack
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122 RECOMMENDATIONS With regard to
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124 RECOMMENDATIONS 5.3.7 Examine M
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126 RECOMMENDATIONS to enact or imp
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128 RECOMMENDATIONS • Elevated le
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130 RECOMMENDATIONS There is no sin
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132 RECOMMENDATIONS 6.3.6 Environme
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134 RECOMMENDATIONS that some oily
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136 RECOMMENDATIONS The recommendat
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138 RECOMMENDATIONS Figure 20: The
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2 3 5.1 Office of the Secretariat i
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