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PREFACE Inland navigation can contribute to making transport more sustainable, particularly where it substitutes for road transport, but can also have considerable environmental impacts. Increasingly, petroleum products and other dangerous goods are being transported along the Mekong River. If not managed properly, these cargoes have the potential to cause significant pollution and even major incidents such as fires and explosions impacting on riparian communities. Freedom of navigation is covered in Article 9 of the Mekong Agreement of 1995 which states that the river "shall be kept free from obstructions, measures, conduct and actions that might directly or indirectly or indirectly impair navigability, interfere with this right or permanently make it more difficult." While navigation does not have any priority over other uses of the river, the agreement stipulates that "any mainstream project" should take navigation uses into account. The MRC Navigation Strategy formulated in 2002 calls for harmonising and enforcing common rules and regulations on environmental protection and safety measures. It also highlights a strong need for raising awareness of environmental protection and controlling navigation risks. To implement the strategy, the MRC Navigation Programme was formulated in 2003 in close cooperation with the four Member Countries and other regional stakeholders. The development objectives are to promote freedom of navigation and increase international trade opportunities for the mutual benefit of the four countries and to help develop effective and safe waterborne transport that is sustainable and protective of the waterway environment. The Navigation Programme's third component is devoted to traffic safety and environmental sustainability. Immediate objectives are promoting and realising environmental standards for "clean" river transport, balancing environmental consequences of projects against their economic and social significance and ensuring the ecological health of the river is not compromised by navigation developments. In 2010, the Navigation Programme began a risk analysis on the carriage, handling and storage of dangerous goods along the Mekong. The project was a significant body of work involving local and international experts. National working groups were established to collect data and national staff were trained to identify and evaluate the association risks. Oil spills and industrial waste are emerging threats from storing, handling and carrying dangerous goods along the river. These need to be addressed through regional action plans as well as environmental management and monitoring systems. Carriage, Handling and Storage of Dangerous Goods Along the Mekong River (Volume II: Recommendations) provides a framework to ensure a balance between inland water transport and environmental protection in the Lower Mekong Basin. The extensive recommendations cover ports and terminals, vessels and waterways as well as the legal framework and environmental factors. This second volume complements the accompanying publication (Volume I : Risks), designed to be an important reference for the MRC, national line agencies, development partners and the private sector. Mr Hans Guttman Chief Executive Officer MRC Secretariat
CONTENTS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................V DEFINITIONS ....................................... ........................................................................................... XI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........... ..................................................................................................XV 1. FROM RISK ANALYSIS TO RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................. 1 1.1 OVERVIEW ............... ........................................................................................................ 1 1.2 IMPLEMENTATION ..........................................................................................................2 1.3 OUTCOMES ..... ................................................................................................................. 4 1.3.1 Emergency Response, Oil Spills and Wastes ......................................................... 6 1.3.2 Legal Framework ..................................................................................................... 6 1.3.3 Enforcement and Compliance ................................................................................. 7 1.3.4 Public Information and Awareness ......................................................................... 7 1.4 RECOMMENDATIONS .........................................................................................................7 2. PORTS AND TERMINALS ..................................................................................................9 2.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................9 2.2 PREPARATION OF RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................... 10 2.3 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PREVENTION ................................................................... 13 2.3.1 Location and Security ............................................................................................ 13 2.3.1.1 Location of Ports and Terminals ............................................................. 13 2.3.1.2 Access to Ports and Terminal Facilities ................................................... 14 2.3.2 Infrastructure and Critical Equipment ................................................................... 16 2.3.2.1 Storage Tank Structure ........................................................................... 16 2.3.2.2 Storage Tank Secondary Containment (Bunding) ................................... 17 2.3.2.3 Cargo Transfer Equipment ...................................................................... 18 2.3.2.4 Level Gauges, Capacity Alarms and Overfill Prevention .........................22 2.3.2.5 Fire and Gas Detection Equipment and System Alarms ..........................24 2.3.2.6 Electrical Equipment ............................................................................... 26 2.3.3 Sustaining Operational Performance and Integrity ................................................ 28 2.3.3.1 Inspections and Testing of Critical Equipment ........................................ 28 2.3.3.2 Maintenance of Critical Equipment ........................................................ 29 2.3.4 Health, Safety and Environmental (HSE) Management ......................................... 30
Page 1 and 2: 2 3 5.1 CARRIAGE, HANDLING AND STOR
Page 3: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Key MRC staff, memb
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS III 3.3.3.2 Safety Managem
Page 9 and 10: ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ADN Acco
Page 11 and 12: ILO International Labor Organisatio
Page 13 and 14: PPE Personal Protective Equipment P
Page 15 and 16: DEFINITIONS Administration: means t
Page 17 and 18: DEFINITIONS XIII Loading arm: an ar
Page 19 and 20: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY RECOMMENDATIONS (
Page 21 and 22: 1. FROM RISK ANALYSIS TO RECOMMENDA
Page 23 and 24: FROM RISK ANALYSIS TO RECOMMENDATIO
Page 25 and 26: FROM RISK ANALYSIS TO RECOMMENDATIO
Page 27 and 28: 1.3.3 Enforcement and Compliance FR
Page 29 and 30: 2. PORTS AND TERMINALS 2.1 INTRODUC
Page 31 and 32: HAZARD HOT WORK RECOMMENDATIONS FOR
Page 33 and 34: 2.3 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PREVENTION
Page 35 and 36: PORTS AND TERMINALS 15 The ISPS Cod
Page 37 and 38: ACTIONS Technical and Management PO
Page 39 and 40: PORTS AND TERMINALS 19 • OISD-STD
Page 41 and 42: ACTIONS Technical and Management (c
Page 43 and 44: ACTIONS Technical and Management PO
Page 45 and 46: PORTS AND TERMINALS 25 Fire and gas
Page 51 and 52: References ILO Code of Practice on
Page 53 and 54: For the segregation table the follo
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2.3.4.3 Monitoring and Control of D
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References International Safety Gui
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2.3.4.6 Drug and Alcohol Policy REC
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Tier 1 PORTS AND TERMINALS 41 • S
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PORTS AND TERMINALS 43 • Planning
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PORTS AND TERMINALS 45 • Dangerou
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Technical and Management (continued
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2.4.2.2 Portable and Mobile Firefig
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ACTIONS Technical and Management (c
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ACTIONS Technical and Management PO
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3. VESSELS 3.1 INTRODUCTION RECOMME
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VESSELS 59 Priority levels are base
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References VESSELS 61 • ADN (Euro
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VESSELS 63 collisions. If a VTS sys
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VESSELS 65 important cause was "mai
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Drip Trays VESSELS 67 Suitable drip
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Institutional and Capacity Building
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3.3.2.7 Bunkering Operations Target
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VESSELS 81 Special attention is nee
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VESSELS 83 To deliver the required
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For port facilities, the requiremen
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VESSELS 91 including the kind of PP
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guidelines are given as these are s
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References • IMO Resolution MSC.2
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VESSELS 99 oil pollution incident h
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ACTIONS Institutional and Capacity
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104 RECOMMENDATIONS d. Navigation,
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106 RECOMMENDATIONS Table 5: Summar
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108 RECOMMENDATIONS 4.3.2 Minimum S
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110 RECOMMENDATIONS tool that would
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112 RECOMMENDATIONS 4.3.8 Establish
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114 RECOMMENDATIONS Ship's skipper
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116 RECOMMENDATIONS
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118 RECOMMENDATIONS • ILO Code of
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120 RECOMMENDATIONS Due to the lack
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122 RECOMMENDATIONS With regard to
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124 RECOMMENDATIONS 5.3.7 Examine M
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126 RECOMMENDATIONS to enact or imp
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128 RECOMMENDATIONS • Elevated le
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130 RECOMMENDATIONS There is no sin
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132 RECOMMENDATIONS 6.3.6 Environme
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134 RECOMMENDATIONS that some oily
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136 RECOMMENDATIONS The recommendat
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138 RECOMMENDATIONS Figure 20: The
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2 3 5.1 Office of the Secretariat i
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