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62 RECOMMENDATIONS Institutional and Capacity Building It is crucial that authorities are responsible for regulations and enforcement related to standards for vessel design, construction and safety of life and protection of the environment. Some of these tasks can be fulfilled by the classification society. The Member Countries can adopt a practice of "port state control" 13 for inland vessels on the Mekong River to guard against hazards posed by unsafe vessels. So authorities of the Member Countries can inspect foreign-flagged vessels entering local ports to ensure compliance with national regulations or agreed standards for safety and structural conditions. Penalties for non-compliance or violations must be agreed upon jointly but established by the flag state. Penalties can include removal of the current certificate, detaining the vessel, indictment, warning, fine or imprisonment of the responsible person. Authorities should provide training to make a team of nautical inspectors who will need to check if barges comply with the regulations (like Port State Control for seagoing ships). 3.3.1.2 Navigation Equipment Target group: All barges RECOMMENDATION Member Countries should establish minimum safety requirements for navigation equipment including VHF, GPS, foghorn and electronic charts. Challenge There are no minimum safety requirements for navigation equipment onboard barges and night navigation on the Mekong River is hazardous. On the upper stretches, it should not be allowed because of the many rocky outcrops and difficult navigation. In Cambodia and Viet Nam, it should be allowed but due care needs to be taken as many small vessels do not carry navigation lights. During the wet season, monsoon rains can be very heavy, blurring all visibility. One of the most important tools to assist is the radar, used to measure the bearing and distance of vessels to prevent collisions with other vessels and to navigate and fix their position on the river by using fixed references such as islands and buoys. In port or in Vessel Traffic Service (VTS), radar systems are used to monitor and regulate vessel movements in busy waters. GPS apparatus will also provides barges with their exact location on the river or waterway in combination with correct navigation charts which will also make navigation safer. Monitoring locations and routes of vessels should be done in the future, especially for laden tankers. If there is an oil spill, it should be known from where the spill originates. A useful tool used by the ship and VTS is the Automatic Identification System (AIS), an automated tracking system for identifying and locating vessels by electronically exchanging data with other nearby vessels and VTS stations. The information provided by AIS equipment (unique identification, position, course and speed) can be displayed on a screen or on an electronic chart (ECDIS). In navigation, AIS is primarily used to avoid 13 In 1978, a number of European countries agreed in The Hague on a memorandum that agreed to audit whether the labour conditions onboard vessels were according to the rules of the ILO. After the Amoco Cadiz sank that year, it was decided to also audit safety and pollution. To this end, the Paris Memorandum of Understanding (Paris MoU) was agreed upon in 1982, establishing Port State Control which now covers 26 European countries and Canada. In practice, this was a reaction to the failure of the flag states - especially flags of convenience that have delegated their task to classification societies - to comply with their inspection duties. Port State Control (PSC) is the inspection of foreign (maritime) ships in other national ports by PSC officers (inspectors) for the purpose of verifying that the competency of the master and officers onboard, that the condition of a vessel and its equipment comply with the requirements of international conventions (e.g. SOLAS, MARPOL, STCW, etc.) and that the vessel is manned and operated in compliance with applicable international law.
VESSELS 63 collisions. If a VTS system is in place in busy river sections and ports, the information provided by AIS can be used to manage vessel traffic as it gives information about identification and movements. The MRC developed a strategy for the use of AIS, which called for implementing AIS coverage along the Mekong River between Phnom Pehn and the Viet Nam border and future installations of AIS equipment at other strategic locations along the Mekong River. Presently about 21 barges, mainly containerships, sailing between Phnom Pehn and Viet Nam are equipped with AIS transponders. Other important navigation tools are a good working fog-horn (or bad-visibility horn) to warn other traffic in reduced visibility and to give different sound signals and an echo-sounder to indicate keel clearance. Suitable (at least the minimum) navigation equipment onboard, combined with good waterway infrastructure, allows navigation to be conducted in a safe and more efficient manner. On the Mekong River in Cambodia and Viet Nam, tanker barges operating in dense traffic are currently not equipped with navigation tools that are accepted worldwide as necessary to conduct safe navigation. Although successful efforts have been made in marking the main channels of the Mekong River with buoys, the waterway infrastructure is far from sufficient to give essential nautical information to the waterway user. To support inland waterborne transport in difficult situations or when casualties occur, a VTS system could be of great importance. However, this involves the presence of VHF equipment on onboard as well as ashore. Another problem with cross-border and international navigation in the Lower Mekong Basin is the different languages used. References • Legislation 2006/137/EC : Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 amending Directive 2006/87/EC laying down technical requirements for inland waterway vessels; • IMO MSC.1/Circ.1216; • ISGINTT, Chapter 4; and • MRC AIS Sites Inspection Report and Supply and Installation of an AIS in Cambodia. RECOMMENDATIONS Technical and Management Necessary navigation equipment to be installed on board at the first stage, especially for tanker barges: • radar; • echo-sounder; • foghorn (bad visibility horn); and • VHF. Necessary navigation equipment to be installed on board at the second stage, especially for tanker barges: • GPS; and • AIS apparatus. VTS system set up, or if existing to be extended to involve inland waterway traffic. This includes the general use of VHF equipment. The owner or operator should provide the necessary equipment to make navigation safer and make sure all crew assigned for watch keeping are familiar with the operation of this equipment.
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2 3 5.1 CARRIAGE, HANDLING AND STOR
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Key MRC staff, memb
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CONTENTS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
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CONTENTS III 3.3.3.2 Safety Managem
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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ADN Acco
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ILO International Labor Organisatio
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PPE Personal Protective Equipment P
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DEFINITIONS Administration: means t
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DEFINITIONS XIII Loading arm: an ar
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY RECOMMENDATIONS (
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1. FROM RISK ANALYSIS TO RECOMMENDA
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FROM RISK ANALYSIS TO RECOMMENDATIO
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FROM RISK ANALYSIS TO RECOMMENDATIO
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1.3.3 Enforcement and Compliance FR
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2. PORTS AND TERMINALS 2.1 INTRODUC
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Page 37 and 38: ACTIONS Technical and Management PO
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Page 45 and 46: PORTS AND TERMINALS 25 Fire and gas
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Page 79 and 80: VESSELS 59 Priority levels are base
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Page 85 and 86: VESSELS 65 important cause was "mai
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112 RECOMMENDATIONS 4.3.8 Establish
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114 RECOMMENDATIONS Ship's skipper
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116 RECOMMENDATIONS
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118 RECOMMENDATIONS • ILO Code of
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120 RECOMMENDATIONS Due to the lack
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122 RECOMMENDATIONS With regard to
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124 RECOMMENDATIONS 5.3.7 Examine M
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126 RECOMMENDATIONS to enact or imp
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128 RECOMMENDATIONS • Elevated le
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130 RECOMMENDATIONS There is no sin
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132 RECOMMENDATIONS 6.3.6 Environme
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134 RECOMMENDATIONS that some oily
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136 RECOMMENDATIONS The recommendat
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138 RECOMMENDATIONS Figure 20: The
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2 3 5.1 Office of the Secretariat i
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