Carriage, Handling and Storage of Dangerous Goods along

42 RECOMMENDATIONS
Table 1: Graphic illustration of Tiered response (IPIECA)
SIZE
OF
SPILL
TIERED RESPONSE
LARGE TIER THREE
MEDIUM TIER TWO TIER TWO
SMALL TIER ONE TIER TWO TIER TWO
LOCAL VICINITY REMOTE
PROXIMITY TO OPERATIONS
It is difficult to plan for a spill when the size of the spill is not known. The table below illustrates
the quantities which have been used as a rule of thumb for many years to determine the maximum
credible spill size 6 :
Table 2: Average Spill Sizes and Sources
Tanker
Barge
Source of spill Maximum Credible Spill Sizes
50% of largest vessel
Tank Truck 100 % of largest truck
Rail Car 50 % of the rail cars
Pipeline Rupture 6 hours – 25% of maximum flow + drainage
Pipeline Pinhole 2 % of maximum flow for 4 days
Storage Tank Rupture 50 % of largest tank
Material Transfer 50 % of maximum flow for 1 hour
Process Unit Throughput for 8 hours
References
• Contingency Planning for Oil Spill, Mr. Brent Pyburn, East Asia Response Pte, Ltd (EARL);
• Pacific Ocean Pollution Prevention Program, Regional Marine Spill Equipment Strategy
(North Pacific Sub-Region);
• Pacific Ocean Pollution Prevention Program, Regional Marine Spill Equipment Strategy
(South Pacific Sub-Region);
• Action against Oil Pollution, International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation
Association (IPIECA), 2005;
• PACPLAN, Pacific Island Regional Marine Spill Contingency Plan (under the auspices of
PACPOL – the Pacific Ocean Pollution Prevention Programme);
6 http://www.oilspillsolutions.org/planning.htm