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64<br />
for a lot of legwork. It doesn’t need wealth, but it does take thought, some<br />
ingenuity and resourcefulness, and more than a little loving care to create<br />
a home that is really your own.’ 19<br />
Displays of furniture ensembles and of complete interiors were not<br />
only visible inside the bodies of stores, they were also installed in shop<br />
windows which could be viewed from the street. By the early twentieth<br />
century the three-walled interior frame had become a familiar sight in<br />
department store windows. It had its origins in the theatrical stage set<br />
and the domestic dramas of the decades around the turn of the century.<br />
A 1925 American manual for ‘mercantile display’ advised that ‘the installing<br />
of a design of this character is well worth the effort as it lends itself to the<br />
display of a varied line of merchandise’. 20 <strong>The</strong> same manual also included<br />
a display of living-room furniture, explaining that, ‘<strong>The</strong> furniture is<br />
arranged in a manner to show [it] off to good advantage, using the<br />
necessary accessories such as the lamp, book rack, pictures etc.’, reinforcing<br />
the, probably tacit, knowledge of professionals in that field that<br />
consumers needed to be shown just enough of an interior for their<br />
imaginations to be stimulated and their desires evoked. 21 <strong>The</strong> neo-classical<br />
simplicity of one model shop window interior in the manual, intended<br />
for a display of furniture, provided a fairly neutral backcloth (p. 63).<br />
Draped curtains added a level of theatricality, a chequered floor a suggestion<br />
of Viennese modernity, and a fringed standard lamp a counterpoint<br />
to its otherwise strict symmetry.<br />
While department stores provided an urban means of consuming<br />
the interior, the shopping mall became its suburban equivalent. With the<br />
advent of the automobile in the us, demand grew for out-of-town shopping<br />
places where there was plenty of parking space. 22 Thus the shopping<br />
mall, a collection of individual shops brought together into a single unit,<br />
was born. In 1916 the Chicago architect Arthur Aldis created one of the<br />
first shopping complexes of that kind, Market Square in Lake Forest,<br />
a wealthy suburb of Chicago. He integrated twenty-eight stores, twelve<br />
office units, thirty apartments, a gymnasium and a clubhouse, and added<br />
landscaping around them. His aim was to position everything in one place<br />
so that the consumer could combine shopping with leisure activities.<br />
Through the twentieth century the idea of the suburban mall gradually<br />
displaced that of the urban department store. Targeting a range of social<br />
classes, it offered consumers a very different interior experience, one which<br />
was usually less consistent, less spectacular, less luxurious, less glamorous<br />
and more utilitarian. By the end of the century shopping malls had taken