FINAL REPORT - Stakeholders - Ofcom

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Figure 6-1 Reproduction of Annex 1 of CEPT ECC Rec. T/R 70-03 on SRDs 6.3 LF DGPS 6.3.1 Frequency Allocations (international) The band 283.5-315 kHz is allocated in Region 1 on a primary basis to the aeronautical radionavigation and maritime radionavigation (radiobeacons) services. In the European Maritime Area (EMA), this band was planned for the maritime radionavigation service (radiobeacons) at the Regional Administrative Conference for the Planning of the Maritime Radionavigation Service (Radiobeacons) in the EMA, Geneva, 1985. According to RR 5.73, in the band 285-325 kHz (283.5-315 kHz in Region 1), radio beacon stations in the maritime radionavigation service may transmit supplementary Page 194
navigational information using narrow-band techniques, on condition that the prime function of the beacon is not significantly degraded. 6.3.2 Technology Description DGPS or DGNSS provides differential corrections to GPS or other navigational satellite system receivers in order to improve navigation accuracy and, in addition, monitors the integrity of satellite transmissions. Integrity monitoring of the reference stations is a vital feature of DGPS. The stations test for GPS signals that are out of specification and immediately notify users to disregard the signal. With DGPS, this warning occurs within a few seconds of the satellite becoming ‘unhealthy ’, compared to the GPS system, where up to 12 hours can elapse before notification is received. Such improved accuracies are required because the use of highly accurate positional information is central to the functioning of navigational aids like Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS) and Automatic (ship) Identification System (AIS). Each DGPS radio beacon comprises of two independent GPS receivers, (including special software to calculate the corrections), an MSK modulator, a transmitter operating in the LF/MF band (285 - 325 kHz), a DGPS station controller and an integrity monitor. Critical components of the system are redundant and the DGPS radiobeacons are remotely controlled and monitored 24 hours a day. This form of DGPS uses pseudo-range (distance measurement) corrections and rangerate corrections from a single reference station, which has sufficient channels (typically 12) to track all satellites in view. Pseudo-ranges are simultaneously measured to all satellites in view, and using the known position of the receiver’s antenna and the positional data from each satellite, the errors in the pseudo-ranges are calculated. These errors are converted to corrections and are broadcast to user receivers. The user’s GPS receiver applies the corrections to the pseudo-ranges measured to each satellite used in its position calculation. The GPS receiver always applies the latest corrections received. Using this method, and depending on the user-to-reference station separation and the age of the corrections being applied, horizontal accuracy of the system can be improved from 13 to 22 metres (95%of the time) to better than 10 metres (95%of the time). Typically in operational stations accuracies of 2-4 metres can be expected from a typical maritime DGPS receiver. Technical, economic and administrative factors have indicated that the use of maritime radiobeacons is therefore a feasible solution for the transmission of differential corrections. The propagation of transmissions from maritime radiobeacons is mainly by ground wave with a usable range that does not exceed the range of applicability of the reference station corrections. The further the user is from the reference station, the less accurate the navigational solution is likely to be. Many administrations have therefore implemented facilities to provide such differential corrections. The technical characteristics of maritime beacons used for the transmission of the differential correction signal and for associated receivers are given in Recommendation ITU-R M. 823-2. Appendix 12 to the Radio Regulations contains, inter alia, field strength values on which the daylight service range of the radiobeacon station shall be based. 6.3.3 Operational Requirements There are no specific operational requirements. The system can work in a given area with one station transmitting the correction signals. However, in order to guarantee maximum use in a larger sea area that is covered by maritime radiobeacon stations from more than one administration; these administrations normally coordinate their efforts. In this regard IALA has issued guidelines on bilateral agreements and inter-agency Memorandums of Page 195
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Ofcom Contract AY4620 Assessment of
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3.4.7 Possible New Technologies (in
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6.7.4 Regulatory and Standardisatio
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ANNEX 4 List of pertinent ITU Recom
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It is against such socio-economic i
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There appear to be no clear pattern
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General Improvements to the Spectra
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Recommendation 3.22: Ofcom should r
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internationally for decommissioning
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� The study should further ascert
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2 Introduction to Report In these e
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maritime radiodetermination and rad
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interoperability. These provisions
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• Regulation on the interoperabil
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new entrants and new technologies w
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Foperating MHz B-20dB MHz Foperatin
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Foperating MHz B-20dB MHz Foperatin
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different types of objects (aircraf
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Frequency Amplitude Frequency Ampli
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3.2.2.6 Receivers The receiver syst
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Target size (=Radar Cross Section)
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the normal requirement for 360 degr
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management and planning. They also
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3.2.5.7 Emission Masks The ITU and
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• A long term policy to replace m
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conditions, the effect of sporadic
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signals which populate the range ce
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potentially suitable band sharing s
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ecommended for future good manageme
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possible options which would reduce
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It should be noted that a number of
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3.3.3 Technology Description 3.3.3.
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amplitudes of each antenna (calcula
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separation minima to be achieved du
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summary of the most relevant standa
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Co-ordination of PRF (pulse repetit
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Parameter Value Notes Dependencies
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interconnections, plugs, pin layout
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3.3.8.2 UAT The Universal Access Tr
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Figure 3-12 shows the format and co
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Parameter Value Notes Service topol
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Technology Band/Frequency Informati
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the cost to an already saturated ch
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3.4.2.5 ILS VOR/ILS localizers are
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3.4.3 Technology Descriptions EN-RO
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Figure 3-16 - Current (and future -
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only a standard omni-directional VH
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een switched off. L1 and L2 are the
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landing. He must carry either a rad
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3.4.4.2 Loran-C Loran-C is promoted
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Recent studies in the USA have indi
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Airport GNSS Marker Beacon ILS MLS
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The demand for the L-Band GNSS freq
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Airport GNSS Aggregate EPFD limits
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3.4.6.6 L-Band DME EUROCONTROL’s
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3.4.8.5 VHF VOR VORs are predominan
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to aviation. As discussed in sectio
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3.4.11 Conclusions and Recommendati
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Table 3-14: Summary of Developments
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Notes: • The costs are not depend
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Where technology choices do exist f
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The implementation of ADS and up an
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Maritime transport has always been
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adars operating in their vicinity.
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are a concern, however for smaller
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Though the amount of shipping traff
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4.2.2.5 Possible New Technologies (
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4.2.3.9 Possible Overall Spectrum E
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across the complete radar frequency
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4.3.3.8 Possible Overall Spectrum E
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educed frequency allocation would t
Page 143 and 144: A non harmonised frequency band is
Page 145 and 146: 5 Aeronautical Communications Civil
Page 147 and 148: Within this band, 121.5 MHz and 123
Page 149 and 150: 5.3.3 Current data link technology
Page 151 and 152: absolute priority which is required
Page 153 and 154: Note that HF also carries airline o
Page 155 and 156: communication services which could,
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Page 159 and 160: efficient solution (this relates bo
Page 161 and 162: 5.7.2 VHF Communications Digital Li
Page 163 and 164: Parameter Value Notes Channel acces
Page 165 and 166: Parameter Value Notes RF Channels M
Page 167 and 168: 5.8.2.1 Next Generation Satellite S
Page 169 and 170: As the new satellite service will s
Page 171 and 172: only power limited, and so the rang
Page 173 and 174: Parameter Value Notes ATN complianc
Page 175 and 176: Figure 5-2: Boeing Connexion system
Page 177 and 178: and incur additional aerodynamic dr
Page 179 and 180: Encourage move of HF voice to HFDL
Page 181 and 182: An illustrative example of airborne
Page 183 and 184: Illustrative value of spectrum calc
Page 185 and 186: An illustrative calculation of the
Page 187 and 188: A VDL2 channel will provide 10 time
Page 189 and 190: Recommendation 5.4: The decommissio
Page 191 and 192: 6 Maritime Communications 6.1 Intro
Page 193: following categories are amongst th
Page 197 and 198: This standard is used around the wo
Page 199 and 200: No change in this approach is envis
Page 201 and 202: However the situation would be some
Page 203 and 204: interest to broadcasters and manufa
Page 205 and 206: 6.4.1 UK Search and Rescue (SAR) at
Page 207 and 208: 6.5.1.5 Summary As MF and HF automa
Page 209 and 210: • The class of emission, in accor
Page 211 and 212: • 415-526.5 kHz (primary or co-pr
Page 213 and 214: The United Kingdom has closed down
Page 215 and 216: 6.6.8 Allocation Sharing issues In
Page 217 and 218: in an appropriate manner. Last but
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Page 221 and 222: adio-frequency technology with adva
Page 223 and 224: 6.7.9 Socio-Economic Issues The iss
Page 225 and 226: The further development of GSM and
Page 227 and 228: or TETRA. Also the integration of G
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Page 231 and 232: Closer to home the CEPT consultativ
Page 233 and 234: 6.10.3 Operational Requirements The
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Authorisations 31 , Article 6 of th
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Increasing convergence between tele
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administrations commit themselves t
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National Regulatory Authority for t
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7.2.3 Public availability of inform
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COUNTRY QUESTION 2.1.1 - National O
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COUNTRY QUESTION 2.1.1 - National O
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Principal Legal Basis (Primary Legi
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7.2.5 Change of Control Rules relat
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FIN Yes Yes No S Yes No No UK No 36
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Among the specific, identifiable co
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and charges. The results for those
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7.2.11 ITU Notification Administrat
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Frequency Management Costs Y A U No
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COUNTRY One-Off Administrative Fees
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Australia Renewal fee £2.69 per as
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COUNTRY Recurring Administrative Fe
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COUNTRY One-Off Spectrum Charges ap
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COUNTRY Recurring Spectrum Charges
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COUNTRY Recurring Spectrum Charges
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limited to vessels registered by th
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potential band sharing services. Im
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Very little use is made of the MF t
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Directive on Marine Equipment, 98/8
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8.6.4 Other AIP Issues In section 7
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ASF Additional Secondary Factor ATC
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ETRA Environment, Transport and Reg
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MF Medium Frequency (300 kHz - 3000
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RTCM Radio Technical Commission for
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ANNEX 2 Mandatory Standards Annex 2
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Band 328.6-335.4 MHz Service Aerona
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Band 1559-1626.5 MHz Service Radion
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Band 5000-5250 MHz Service Aeronaut
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Band 15.4-15.7 GHz Service Aeronaut
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Annex 2-2 Maritime Radiodeterminati
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RTCA MOPS DO 186A - MOPS for airbor
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Annex 2-4 Maritime Communications S
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ETSI STANDARDS DESIGNATION ETSI STA
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Annex 3-2 Maritime Communications E
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MARITIME SATELLITE EQUIPMENT Networ
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ANNEX 4 List of pertinent ITU Recom
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ANNEX 5 Structure of the 4, 6 and 8
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Sub-band structure of the 8 MHz mar
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5.2. receive automatically such inf
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UK Communications Act 2003 (and EC
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Annex 7-3 Aeronautical Communicatio
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Summary of the Functional and Techn
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An economic study to review spectru
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ANNEX 8 Countries in Receipt of Que
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FINAL REPORT - Stakeholders - Ofcom

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