FINAL REPORT - Stakeholders - Ofcom

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The nearest receiving station for HF DSC is at Lyngby, Denmark, which monitors all the HF GMDSS frequencies for sea areas A3 and A4. Band Radiotelephony DSC MF 2182kHz H3E 2187.5kHz HF 4125 kHz J3E 4207.5kHz HF 6215kHz J3E 6312kHz HF 8219kHz J3E 8414.5kHz HF 12290kHz J3E 12577kHz HF 16420kHz J3E 16804.5kHz Table 6-2: GMDSS frequency pairs Figure 6-3 British Isles and North West Europe DSC limits of sea areas. Reproduced from Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 5 2001/02 by permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office and the UK Hydrographic Office (www.ukho.gov.uk) Page 204
6.4.1 UK Search and Rescue (SAR) at HF and MF In addition to GMDSS, SAR requirements extend across all frequency bands. Most search and rescue radio traffic is confined to VHF; however 2596 kHz is assigned for SAR operations involving HM Coastguard (MCA) and the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI). 8364 kHz is assigned for SAR operations but is used only when the operational area is well away from land and for communications between aeronautical and maritime mobile stations. For on-scene communications during coordinated search and rescue operations, 2182 kHz is used for distress and safety communications, 3023 kHz and 5680 KHz for ship to aircraft communications and 4125 kHz for ship to ship and ship to shore communications. Other UK SAR frequencies are shown in Table 6-3. Frequency Application 3085 kHz SAR operations secondary 3095 kHz Milford / Liverpool RAF SAR (Night) 4710 kHz Liverpool RAF SAR (RAF Valley) 5695 kHz SAR operations secondary 5699 kHz SAR operations secondary (night) 5860 kHz SAR operations 11243 kHz Liverpool RAF SAR secondary Table 6-3 Additional UK SAR frequencies 6.5 MF and HF Communications Services, Techniques and Technologies 6.5.1 Automation and Adaptive Techniques 6.5.1.1 Introduction In recent decades MF (above 1.6 MHz) and HF voice communications, originally AM double sideband and latterly SSB have been used for medium and long-distance communications. Such systems have a number of positive characteristics that can be enhanced as well as drawbacks that can be minimised through the use of automatic and adaptive techniques. The positive attributes for communication in MF and HF bands above 1.6 MHz include the ability to establish cost effective medium and long-distance transmission paths. The negative aspects include variable propagation, much lower overall reliability and limited data bandwidth. Communicating in these frequency bands requires the optimisation of conditions to make it reasonably reliable which is dependent on a large number of factors such as operator experience, operating frequency, the degree of ionisation of the ionosphere and the distance between stations (number of hops), In manual operation, a procedure used until recent years to optimise radio communication between points required the operator to adjust the parameters of the system for maximum performance as a result of the condition of the ionosphere and other propagation conditions. Present-day, automation techniques reduce the burden on the operator by adding subsystems for frequency management, link establishment, link maintenance, etc. Automation can be added to provide an impression of an MF/HF conventional Page 205
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Ofcom Contract AY4620 Assessment of
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3.4.7 Possible New Technologies (in
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6.7.4 Regulatory and Standardisatio
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ANNEX 4 List of pertinent ITU Recom
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It is against such socio-economic i
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There appear to be no clear pattern
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General Improvements to the Spectra
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Recommendation 3.22: Ofcom should r
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internationally for decommissioning
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� The study should further ascert
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2 Introduction to Report In these e
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maritime radiodetermination and rad
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interoperability. These provisions
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• Regulation on the interoperabil
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new entrants and new technologies w
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Foperating MHz B-20dB MHz Foperatin
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Foperating MHz B-20dB MHz Foperatin
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different types of objects (aircraf
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Frequency Amplitude Frequency Ampli
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3.2.2.6 Receivers The receiver syst
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Target size (=Radar Cross Section)
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the normal requirement for 360 degr
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management and planning. They also
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3.2.5.7 Emission Masks The ITU and
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• A long term policy to replace m
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conditions, the effect of sporadic
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signals which populate the range ce
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potentially suitable band sharing s
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ecommended for future good manageme
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possible options which would reduce
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It should be noted that a number of
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3.3.3 Technology Description 3.3.3.
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amplitudes of each antenna (calcula
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separation minima to be achieved du
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summary of the most relevant standa
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Co-ordination of PRF (pulse repetit
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Parameter Value Notes Dependencies
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interconnections, plugs, pin layout
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3.3.8.2 UAT The Universal Access Tr
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Figure 3-12 shows the format and co
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Parameter Value Notes Service topol
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Technology Band/Frequency Informati
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the cost to an already saturated ch
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3.4.2.5 ILS VOR/ILS localizers are
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3.4.3 Technology Descriptions EN-RO
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Figure 3-16 - Current (and future -
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only a standard omni-directional VH
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een switched off. L1 and L2 are the
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landing. He must carry either a rad
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3.4.4.2 Loran-C Loran-C is promoted
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Recent studies in the USA have indi
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Airport GNSS Marker Beacon ILS MLS
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The demand for the L-Band GNSS freq
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Airport GNSS Aggregate EPFD limits
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3.4.6.6 L-Band DME EUROCONTROL’s
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3.4.8.5 VHF VOR VORs are predominan
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to aviation. As discussed in sectio
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3.4.11 Conclusions and Recommendati
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Table 3-14: Summary of Developments
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Notes: • The costs are not depend
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Where technology choices do exist f
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The implementation of ADS and up an
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Maritime transport has always been
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adars operating in their vicinity.
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are a concern, however for smaller
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Though the amount of shipping traff
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4.2.2.5 Possible New Technologies (
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4.2.3.9 Possible Overall Spectrum E
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across the complete radar frequency
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4.3.3.8 Possible Overall Spectrum E
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educed frequency allocation would t
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A non harmonised frequency band is
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5 Aeronautical Communications Civil
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Within this band, 121.5 MHz and 123
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5.3.3 Current data link technology
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absolute priority which is required
Page 153 and 154: Note that HF also carries airline o
Page 155 and 156: communication services which could,
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Page 159 and 160: efficient solution (this relates bo
Page 161 and 162: 5.7.2 VHF Communications Digital Li
Page 163 and 164: Parameter Value Notes Channel acces
Page 165 and 166: Parameter Value Notes RF Channels M
Page 167 and 168: 5.8.2.1 Next Generation Satellite S
Page 169 and 170: As the new satellite service will s
Page 171 and 172: only power limited, and so the rang
Page 173 and 174: Parameter Value Notes ATN complianc
Page 175 and 176: Figure 5-2: Boeing Connexion system
Page 177 and 178: and incur additional aerodynamic dr
Page 179 and 180: Encourage move of HF voice to HFDL
Page 181 and 182: An illustrative example of airborne
Page 183 and 184: Illustrative value of spectrum calc
Page 185 and 186: An illustrative calculation of the
Page 187 and 188: A VDL2 channel will provide 10 time
Page 189 and 190: Recommendation 5.4: The decommissio
Page 191 and 192: 6 Maritime Communications 6.1 Intro
Page 193 and 194: following categories are amongst th
Page 195 and 196: navigational information using narr
Page 197 and 198: This standard is used around the wo
Page 199 and 200: No change in this approach is envis
Page 201 and 202: However the situation would be some
Page 203: interest to broadcasters and manufa
Page 207 and 208: 6.5.1.5 Summary As MF and HF automa
Page 209 and 210: • The class of emission, in accor
Page 211 and 212: • 415-526.5 kHz (primary or co-pr
Page 213 and 214: The United Kingdom has closed down
Page 215 and 216: 6.6.8 Allocation Sharing issues In
Page 217 and 218: in an appropriate manner. Last but
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Page 221 and 222: adio-frequency technology with adva
Page 223 and 224: 6.7.9 Socio-Economic Issues The iss
Page 225 and 226: The further development of GSM and
Page 227 and 228: or TETRA. Also the integration of G
Page 229 and 230: • 161.975 and 162.025 ( formerly
Page 231 and 232: Closer to home the CEPT consultativ
Page 233 and 234: 6.10.3 Operational Requirements The
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Page 239 and 240: Inmarsat was the world’s first gl
Page 241 and 242: carriage requirements for distress
Page 243 and 244: suppliers of radiocommunications eq
Page 245 and 246: Authorisations 31 , Article 6 of th
Page 247 and 248: Increasing convergence between tele
Page 249 and 250: administrations commit themselves t
Page 251 and 252: National Regulatory Authority for t
Page 253 and 254: 7.2.3 Public availability of inform
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COUNTRY QUESTION 2.1.1 - National O
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COUNTRY QUESTION 2.1.1 - National O
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Principal Legal Basis (Primary Legi
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7.2.5 Change of Control Rules relat
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FIN Yes Yes No S Yes No No UK No 36
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Among the specific, identifiable co
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and charges. The results for those
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7.2.11 ITU Notification Administrat
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Frequency Management Costs Y A U No
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COUNTRY One-Off Administrative Fees
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Australia Renewal fee £2.69 per as
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COUNTRY Recurring Administrative Fe
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COUNTRY One-Off Spectrum Charges ap
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COUNTRY Recurring Spectrum Charges
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COUNTRY Recurring Spectrum Charges
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limited to vessels registered by th
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potential band sharing services. Im
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Very little use is made of the MF t
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Directive on Marine Equipment, 98/8
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8.6.4 Other AIP Issues In section 7
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ASF Additional Secondary Factor ATC
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ETRA Environment, Transport and Reg
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MF Medium Frequency (300 kHz - 3000
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RTCM Radio Technical Commission for
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ANNEX 2 Mandatory Standards Annex 2
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Band 328.6-335.4 MHz Service Aerona
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Band 1559-1626.5 MHz Service Radion
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Band 5000-5250 MHz Service Aeronaut
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Band 15.4-15.7 GHz Service Aeronaut
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Annex 2-2 Maritime Radiodeterminati
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RTCA MOPS DO 186A - MOPS for airbor
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Annex 2-4 Maritime Communications S
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ETSI STANDARDS DESIGNATION ETSI STA
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Annex 3-2 Maritime Communications E
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MARITIME SATELLITE EQUIPMENT Networ
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ANNEX 4 List of pertinent ITU Recom
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ANNEX 5 Structure of the 4, 6 and 8
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Sub-band structure of the 8 MHz mar
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5.2. receive automatically such inf
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UK Communications Act 2003 (and EC
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Annex 7-3 Aeronautical Communicatio
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Summary of the Functional and Techn
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An economic study to review spectru
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ANNEX 8 Countries in Receipt of Que
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