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FINAL REPORT - Stakeholders - Ofcom

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5.7 Possible New Technologies (in-band) 160<br />

5.7.1 Emerging technologies .....................................................................................160<br />

5.7.2 VHF Communications Digital Links...................................................................161<br />

5.7.3 Possible use of Mode S SSR as a data link......................................................165<br />

5.8 Replacement Technologies (radio, other or none) 166<br />

5.8.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................166<br />

5.8.2 Establishment of new satellite services ............................................................166<br />

5.8.3 Broadband systems ..........................................................................................170<br />

5.9 Allocation Sharing Opportunities 171<br />

5.9.1 Gatelink.............................................................................................................171<br />

5.9.2 Transfer to commercial data links .....................................................................173<br />

5.9.3 Other sharing issues for further consideration ..................................................178<br />

5.10 Possible Overall Spectrum Efficiency Improvements 178<br />

5.11 Conclusions and Recommendations 180<br />

5.11.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................180<br />

5.11.2 Socio-economic issues (general)......................................................................180<br />

5.11.3 Short term measures ........................................................................................184<br />

5.11.4 Medium term measures ....................................................................................186<br />

5.11.5 Long term measures .........................................................................................189<br />

6 Maritime Communications........................................................................................... 191<br />

6.1 Introduction 191<br />

6.2 Short Range Devices 192<br />

6.2.1 Frequency and socio-economic considerations................................................192<br />

6.3 LF DGPS 194<br />

6.3.1 Frequency Allocations (international)................................................................194<br />

6.3.2 Technology Description ....................................................................................195<br />

6.3.3 Operational Requirements ................................................................................195<br />

6.3.4 Regulatory and Standardisation issues ............................................................196<br />

6.3.5 Possible Improvements to Existing Technology ...............................................197<br />

6.3.6 Possible New Technologies (in-band) ..............................................................198<br />

6.3.7 Replacement Technologies (radio, other or none)............................................198<br />

6.3.8 Allocation Sharing issues..................................................................................198<br />

6.3.9 Possible Overall Spectrum Efficiency Improvements .......................................198<br />

6.4 GMDSS in the United Kingdom 203<br />

6.4.1 UK Search and Rescue (SAR) at HF and MF...................................................205<br />

6.5 MF and HF Communications Services, Techniques and Technologies 205<br />

6.5.1 Automation and Adaptive Techniques ..............................................................205<br />

6.5.2 E-mail and Data Services .................................................................................207<br />

6.5.3 NVIS (Near Vertical Incidence Sky-wave) Propagation Techniques ................209<br />

6.6 MF - Communications 210<br />

6.6.1 Frequency Allocations (international, Region 1) ...............................................210<br />

6.6.2 Technology Description ....................................................................................211<br />

6.6.3 Operational Requirements ................................................................................212<br />

6.6.4 Regulatory and Standardisation Issues ............................................................213<br />

6.6.5 Possible Improvements to Existing Technology ...............................................213<br />

6.6.6 Possible New Technologies (in-band) ..............................................................213<br />

6.6.7 Replacement Technologies (radio, other or none)............................................214<br />

6.6.8 Allocation Sharing issues..................................................................................215<br />

6.6.9 Possible Overall Spectrum Efficiency Improvements .......................................215<br />

6.6.10 Socio-Economic Issues.....................................................................................215<br />

6.7 HF Communications 217<br />

6.7.1 Frequency Allocations (international)................................................................217<br />

6.7.2 Technology Description ....................................................................................218<br />

6.7.3 Operational Requirements ................................................................................219<br />

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