FINAL REPORT - Stakeholders - Ofcom

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esource consumed but is a flat fee per licence. This is justified on the grounds that unlike mobile or broadcasting spectrum, the spectrum under investigation has not historically been considered to be a scarce resource and is used for safety of life applications. However, growing demand for spectrum and a desire to operate a consistent administrative pricing policy has already led some countries to consider the adoption of spectrum charges based on administrative pricing techniques (see Section 7.2.10.2) to encourage more efficient and effective use of the spectrum. Table 7-7 indicates which countries are using, or planning to use administrative pricing, and the main parameters used in determining spectrum fees / charges for aeronautical and maritime services. Currently it is believed only Australia is applying administrative pricing for aeronautical and maritime services. The overall cost of an individual licence reflects the value and the amount of the spectrum being used (or denied to other users) by the licensee. This is calculated according to a formula that takes account of four parameters: • spectrum location; • geographic location; • bandwidth and • power. The formula means spectrum pricing is efficient, equitable and transparent, as fees reflect the amount of spectrum used, and are higher for spectrum in greater demand. For assigned licences, that is, where an individual frequency or frequencies are assigned, the tax is calculated individually for each licence. For non assigned licences, where each licence of the same licensing option has access to the same spectrum, the tax is the same for each licence. Table 7-8 shows the number of aeronautical and maritime licences issued in a number of countries which completed the questionnaire or provided the information by another means. Where available, the approximate revenue generated in administrative fees and spectrum fees / charges is also recorded. Table 7-9, Table 7-10, Table 7-11 and Table 7-12 below provide information on the detailed questions raised in the questionnaire concerning one-off and recurring administrative fees and spectrum charges. Most of the information has been obtained from the web pages of the administrations concerned. Administrative Pricing deployed Y N N N N Administrative Pricing planned N N N Frequency Band Amount of Spectrum (Bandwidth) Y Technology Spectrum Efficiency Geographic Location Transmitter Power Station Power EIRP Antenna Type Market Value of Spectrum Operator Financial Performance Frequency Co-ordination Y Licensing / authorisation costs Y Y A U N Z T R H K U K Page 270
Frequency Management Costs Y A U None Y Table 7-7: Approach to setting fees and charges for Aeronautical and Maritime Services No. of Aeronautic /Aircraft licences N Z Radiocommunications Radiodetermination Approx. annual revenue £ No. of Maritime coast/ship licences Approx. annual revenue £ T R H K No. of Aeronautic land/mobile licences U K Approx. annual revenue £ No of Maritime land/mobile licences Page 271 Approx. annual revenue £ HK 44/155 4.7k/1.7k 196/1149 7.23k/14.4k NL 45.8/0 NL 109/645 TR 0/1280 NIL 0/19684 NIL 189 NIL NIL NIL UK 1779/9207 950k 1463/65000 0/1,114,423 558/0 [3] 84/0 [4,5] AUS 2793 49k 3991/1353 62k/202k [6] 2145 181k [1]: NL = Not Licensed NIL=Question not answered [2]: Re Turkey aeronautical radionav figures do not include radar stations [3]: Re UK aeronautical radionav receipts included in overall aeronautical receipts [4]: Re UK maritime radionav figures refer to shore based navaids [5]: Re UK maritime radionav receipts included in overall maritime receipts [6]: Re Australia maritime radiodetermination figures and associated costs are a global figure for all radiodetermination applications. Table 7-8: Approximate number of licences and revenue generated by administrative fees and spectrum fees / charges in EU Member States (where provided by NRAs)
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Ofcom Contract AY4620 Assessment of
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3.4.7 Possible New Technologies (in
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6.7.4 Regulatory and Standardisatio
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ANNEX 4 List of pertinent ITU Recom
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It is against such socio-economic i
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There appear to be no clear pattern
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General Improvements to the Spectra
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Recommendation 3.22: Ofcom should r
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internationally for decommissioning
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� The study should further ascert
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2 Introduction to Report In these e
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maritime radiodetermination and rad
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interoperability. These provisions
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• Regulation on the interoperabil
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new entrants and new technologies w
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Foperating MHz B-20dB MHz Foperatin
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Foperating MHz B-20dB MHz Foperatin
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different types of objects (aircraf
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Frequency Amplitude Frequency Ampli
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3.2.2.6 Receivers The receiver syst
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Target size (=Radar Cross Section)
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the normal requirement for 360 degr
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management and planning. They also
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3.2.5.7 Emission Masks The ITU and
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• A long term policy to replace m
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conditions, the effect of sporadic
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signals which populate the range ce
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potentially suitable band sharing s
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ecommended for future good manageme
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possible options which would reduce
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It should be noted that a number of
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3.3.3 Technology Description 3.3.3.
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amplitudes of each antenna (calcula
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separation minima to be achieved du
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summary of the most relevant standa
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Co-ordination of PRF (pulse repetit
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Parameter Value Notes Dependencies
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interconnections, plugs, pin layout
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3.3.8.2 UAT The Universal Access Tr
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Figure 3-12 shows the format and co
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Parameter Value Notes Service topol
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Technology Band/Frequency Informati
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the cost to an already saturated ch
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3.4.2.5 ILS VOR/ILS localizers are
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3.4.3 Technology Descriptions EN-RO
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Figure 3-16 - Current (and future -
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only a standard omni-directional VH
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een switched off. L1 and L2 are the
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landing. He must carry either a rad
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3.4.4.2 Loran-C Loran-C is promoted
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Recent studies in the USA have indi
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Airport GNSS Marker Beacon ILS MLS
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The demand for the L-Band GNSS freq
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Airport GNSS Aggregate EPFD limits
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3.4.6.6 L-Band DME EUROCONTROL’s
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3.4.8.5 VHF VOR VORs are predominan
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to aviation. As discussed in sectio
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3.4.11 Conclusions and Recommendati
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Table 3-14: Summary of Developments
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Notes: • The costs are not depend
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Where technology choices do exist f
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The implementation of ADS and up an
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Maritime transport has always been
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adars operating in their vicinity.
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are a concern, however for smaller
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Though the amount of shipping traff
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4.2.2.5 Possible New Technologies (
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4.2.3.9 Possible Overall Spectrum E
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across the complete radar frequency
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4.3.3.8 Possible Overall Spectrum E
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educed frequency allocation would t
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A non harmonised frequency band is
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5 Aeronautical Communications Civil
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Within this band, 121.5 MHz and 123
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5.3.3 Current data link technology
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absolute priority which is required
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Note that HF also carries airline o
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communication services which could,
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The figure below shows the possible
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efficient solution (this relates bo
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5.7.2 VHF Communications Digital Li
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Parameter Value Notes Channel acces
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Parameter Value Notes RF Channels M
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5.8.2.1 Next Generation Satellite S
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As the new satellite service will s
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only power limited, and so the rang
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Parameter Value Notes ATN complianc
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Figure 5-2: Boeing Connexion system
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and incur additional aerodynamic dr
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Encourage move of HF voice to HFDL
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An illustrative example of airborne
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Illustrative value of spectrum calc
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An illustrative calculation of the
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A VDL2 channel will provide 10 time
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Recommendation 5.4: The decommissio
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6 Maritime Communications 6.1 Intro
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following categories are amongst th
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navigational information using narr
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This standard is used around the wo
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No change in this approach is envis
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However the situation would be some
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interest to broadcasters and manufa
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6.4.1 UK Search and Rescue (SAR) at
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6.5.1.5 Summary As MF and HF automa
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• The class of emission, in accor
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• 415-526.5 kHz (primary or co-pr
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The United Kingdom has closed down
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6.6.8 Allocation Sharing issues In
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in an appropriate manner. Last but
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Page 221 and 222: adio-frequency technology with adva
Page 223 and 224: 6.7.9 Socio-Economic Issues The iss
Page 225 and 226: The further development of GSM and
Page 227 and 228: or TETRA. Also the integration of G
Page 229 and 230: • 161.975 and 162.025 ( formerly
Page 231 and 232: Closer to home the CEPT consultativ
Page 233 and 234: 6.10.3 Operational Requirements The
Page 235 and 236: for the purposes of distress and ur
Page 237 and 238: million . A digital or dual mode al
Page 239 and 240: Inmarsat was the world’s first gl
Page 241 and 242: carriage requirements for distress
Page 243 and 244: suppliers of radiocommunications eq
Page 245 and 246: Authorisations 31 , Article 6 of th
Page 247 and 248: Increasing convergence between tele
Page 249 and 250: administrations commit themselves t
Page 251 and 252: National Regulatory Authority for t
Page 253 and 254: 7.2.3 Public availability of inform
Page 255 and 256: COUNTRY QUESTION 2.1.1 - National O
Page 257 and 258: COUNTRY QUESTION 2.1.1 - National O
Page 259 and 260: Principal Legal Basis (Primary Legi
Page 261 and 262: 7.2.5 Change of Control Rules relat
Page 263 and 264: FIN Yes Yes No S Yes No No UK No 36
Page 265 and 266: Among the specific, identifiable co
Page 267 and 268: and charges. The results for those
Page 269: 7.2.11 ITU Notification Administrat
Page 273 and 274: COUNTRY One-Off Administrative Fees
Page 275 and 276: Australia Renewal fee £2.69 per as
Page 277 and 278: COUNTRY Recurring Administrative Fe
Page 283 and 284: COUNTRY One-Off Spectrum Charges ap
Page 285 and 286: COUNTRY Recurring Spectrum Charges
Page 287 and 288: COUNTRY Recurring Spectrum Charges
Page 289 and 290: limited to vessels registered by th
Page 291 and 292: potential band sharing services. Im
Page 293 and 294: Very little use is made of the MF t
Page 295 and 296: Directive on Marine Equipment, 98/8
Page 297 and 298: 8.6.4 Other AIP Issues In section 7
Page 299 and 300: ASF Additional Secondary Factor ATC
Page 301 and 302: ETRA Environment, Transport and Reg
Page 303 and 304: MF Medium Frequency (300 kHz - 3000
Page 305 and 306: RTCM Radio Technical Commission for
Page 307 and 308: ANNEX 2 Mandatory Standards Annex 2
Page 309 and 310: Band 328.6-335.4 MHz Service Aerona
Page 311 and 312: Band 1559-1626.5 MHz Service Radion
Page 313 and 314: Band 5000-5250 MHz Service Aeronaut
Page 315 and 316: Band 15.4-15.7 GHz Service Aeronaut
Page 317 and 318: Annex 2-2 Maritime Radiodeterminati
Page 319 and 320: RTCA MOPS DO 186A - MOPS for airbor
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Annex 2-4 Maritime Communications S
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ETSI STANDARDS DESIGNATION ETSI STA
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Annex 3-2 Maritime Communications E
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MARITIME SATELLITE EQUIPMENT Networ
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ANNEX 4 List of pertinent ITU Recom
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ANNEX 5 Structure of the 4, 6 and 8
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Sub-band structure of the 8 MHz mar
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5.2. receive automatically such inf
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UK Communications Act 2003 (and EC
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Annex 7-3 Aeronautical Communicatio
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Summary of the Functional and Techn
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An economic study to review spectru
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ANNEX 8 Countries in Receipt of Que
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