Composite Materials Research Progress

4
x 10
5
4
3
2
1
Compliance (Nmm)
0
0 20 40 60 80
4
x 10
5
4
3
2
1
Compliance (Nmm)
0
0 5 10 15
Optimization of Laminated Composite Structures… 87
Mass (kg) and thickness of ply19 (mm)
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0 20 40 60 80
7
6
5
4
3
2
GCMMA
SAM
Total mass
Thickness of ply 19
Mass (kg) and thickness of ply19 (mm)
8
Total mass
Thickness of ply 19
1
0 5 10 15
140
120
100
80
60
Orientation of ply 5 (deg.)
40
0 20 40 60 80
140
120
100
80
60
Orientation of ply 5 (deg.)
40
0 5 10 15
Figure 8.7. Convergence history for GCMMA and SAM for the membrane divided in 20 regions.
Evolution of the thickness and the orientations of the plies number 5 and 19.
2
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
Vertical displacement δ max under the load (mm)
1
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Fibers orientation (deg.)
O 320 finite elements
+ 80 finite elements
* 20 finite elements
Figure 8.8. Evolution of the vertical displacement under the applied load for several discretizations of
the homogeneous composite membrane (Figure 8.4, n=1).