Composite Materials Research Progress

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272 Yasuhide Shindo and Fumio Narita ! " # $! " # Figure 16. Tip deflection versus voltage for disk composite bending actuator. Fig. 15 shows the similar results for the shear stress distribution σzr. A singularity in the interface shear stress also develops at the circular electrode tip. Note that for the C-91 + /C- 91 + disk bending actuator, since the problem is unsymmetrical to the r-axis, the shear stress does not become zero along the whole r-axis. Fig.16 gives a plot of the tip deflection uz at r =10mm and z =0mm with applied voltage V0, based on work, for C-91 + /C-91 + disk bending actuator with b =8and 10 mm. The curve rises steeply at first when the voltage is increased from zero. The tip deflection then gradually levels off when the voltage reaches about 220 V, because of switching in the lower layer (see Fig. 13). A similar phenomenon can be observed for negative voltage. The bending actuator for b =10mm exhibits higher deflection. 5. Conclusions The electromechanical field distributionsin the neighborhood of the electrodes in piezoelectric composites were investigated. Two criteria for polarization switching in piezoelectric materials were incorporated into a finite element procedure. The results indicated that high values of electromechanical fields cause the localized polarization switching near the electrode tip, and the strain vs electric field curves show the non-linear behavior. Also, the size of the switching zone in the piezoelectric composites increased with increasing electric fields. As a remark, we note that this study may be useful in designing advanced piezoelectric composite actuators.
Eletromechanical Field Concentrations and Polarization Switching... 273 Acknowledgements This work was partially supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific <strong>Research</strong> (B) and Young Scientists (B) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. References [1] Shindo, Y., Narita, F. & Sosa, H. (1998). Electroelastic analysis of piezoelectric ceramics with surface electrodes. Int. J. Eng. Sci., 36, 1001-1009. [2] Narita, F., Yoshida, M. & Shindo, Y. (2004). Electroelastic effect induced by electrode embedded at the interface of two piezoelectric half-planes. Mech. Mater., 36, 999- 1006. [3] Dos Santos e Lucato, S. L., Lupascu, D. C., Kamlah, M., Rödel, J. & Lynch, C. S. (2001). Constraint-induced crack initiation at electrode edges in piezoelectric ceramics. Acta Mater., 49, 2751-2759. [4] Qiu, W., Kang, Y.-L., Qin, Q.-H., Sun, Q.-C. & Xu, F.-Y. (2007). Study for multilayer piezoelectric composite structure as displacement actuator by Moiré interferometry and infrared thermography experiments. Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 15, 452-453. [5] Yoshida, M., Narita, F., Shindo, Y., Karaiwa, M. & Horiguchi, K. (2003). Electroelastic field concentration by circular electrodes in piezoelectric ceramics. Smart Mater. Struct., 12, 972-978. [6] Hwang, S. C., Lynch, C. S. & McMeeking, R. M. (1995). Ferroelectric/ferroelastic interactions and a polarization switching model. Acta Metall. Mater., 43, 2073-2084. [7] Kalyanam, S. & Sun, C. T. (2005). Modeling of electrical boundary condition and domain switching in piezoelectric materials. Mech. Mater., 37, 769-784. [8] Narita, F., Shindo, Y. & Hayashi, K. (2005). Bending and polarization switching of piezoelectric laminated actuators under electromechanical loading. Comput. Struct., 83, 1164-1170. [9] Shindo, Y., Yoshida, M., Narita, F. & Horiguchi, K. (2004). Electroelastic field concentrations ahead of electrodes in multilayer piezoelectric actuators: experiment and finite element simulation. J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 52, 1109-1124.
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COMPOSITE MATERIALS RESEARCH PROGRE
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Copyright © 2008 by Nova Science P
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vi Contents Chapter 9 Recent Advanc
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viii Lucas P. Durand scale transiti
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x Lucas P. Durand machine. In paral
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In: Composite Materials Research Pr
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Multi-scale Analysis of Fiber-Reinf
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T300 fibers (Soden et al., 1998; Ag
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1 I L = L : r v Multi-scale Analysi
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I E ⎡0 ⎢ ⎢0 ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢0
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Applied macroscopic load Correspond
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Optimization of Laminated Composite
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⎧σ x ⎫ ⎡ mE ⎪ ⎪ ⎢ x
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and γ 2 γ 0 Optimization of Lamin
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110 W.H. Zhong, R.G. Maguire, S.S.
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112 Reinforcement: Advanced materia
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130 Yuanxin Zhou, Hassan Mahfuz, Vi
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140 Heat Flow (W/g) Heat Flow (W/g)
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144 Material Yuanxin Zhou, Hassan M
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146 SEM Analysis Yuanxin Zhou, Hass
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150 Governing Equation For the fibe
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152 ⎧ UU = ⎨ ⎩ ⎧ UD = ⎨
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156 Stress (MPa) 120 80 40 0 Yuanxi
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166 Giangiacomo Minak and Andrea Zu
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170 ⎟ ⎞ ⎠ s ⎜ ⎛ ⎝ = a E
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188 A B E (MPa) D 250000 200000 150
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190 D D 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4
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204 Conclusion Giangiacomo Minak an
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Research Directions in the Fatigue
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