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Composite Materials Research Progress

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<strong>Research</strong> Directions in the Fatigue Testing of Polymer <strong>Composite</strong>s 233<br />

Figure 31 shows the finite element mesh for a 3-D analysis with full modelling of the<br />

clamped surfaces and the prescribed displacement. The diagonal lines in the left part of the<br />

mesh are used by the SAMCEF preprocessor to indicate the presence of clamping conditions.<br />

Due to the symmetry conditions with respect to the (x,y)-plane, only one half of the specimen<br />

width has to be modelled. The lines in the bottom right part make up the rigid body part<br />

where the prescribed bending displacement is applied.<br />

5. Conclusion<br />

This paper has presented a collection of research efforts in the field of (i) fatigue test set-ups<br />

and related online monitoring techniques, (ii) inspection of fatigue damage and (iii) the finite<br />

element simulation of experimental boundary conditions.<br />

It has been shown that an integrated approach of these three research fields can benefit<br />

the knowledge and insight into the fatigue testing of fibre-reinforced composites.<br />

Acknowledgements<br />

The author W. Van Paepegem gratefully acknowledges his finance through a grant of the<br />

Fund for Scientific <strong>Research</strong> – Flanders (F.W.O.), and the advice and technical support of the<br />

Ten Cate company. The author I. De Baere is highly indebted to the university research fund<br />

BOF (Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds UGent) for his research grant.<br />

References<br />

[1] Harris, B. (ed.) (2003). Fatigue in composites. Science and technology of the fatigue<br />

response of fibre-reinforced plastics. Cambridge, Woodhead Publishing Ltd., 742 pp.<br />

[2] Hashin, Z. (1985). Cumulative damage theory for composite materials: residual life and<br />

residual strength methods. <strong>Composite</strong>s Science and Technology, 23, 1-19.<br />

[3] Whitworth, H.A. (2000). Evaluation of the residual strength degradation in composite<br />

laminates under fatigue loading. <strong>Composite</strong> Structures, 48(4), 261-264.<br />

[4] Highsmith, A.L. and Reifsnider, K.L. (1982). Stiffness-reduction mechanisms in<br />

composite laminates. In : Reifsnider, K.L. (ed.). Damage in composite materials. ASTM<br />

STP 775. American Society for Testing and <strong>Materials</strong>, pp. 103-117.<br />

[5] Yang, J.N., Jones, D.L., Yang, S.H. and Meskini, A. (1990). A stiffness degradation<br />

model for graphite/epoxy laminates. Journal of <strong>Composite</strong> <strong>Materials</strong>, 24, 753-769.<br />

[6] Yang, J.N., Lee, L.J. and Sheu, D.Y. (1992). Modulus reduction and fatigue damage of<br />

matrix dominated composite laminates. <strong>Composite</strong> Structures, 21, 91-100.<br />

[7] Kedward, K.T. and Beaumont, P.W.R. (1992). The treatment of fatigue and damage<br />

accumulation in composite design. International Journal of Fatigue, 14(5), 283-294.<br />

[8] Van Paepegem, W., De Baere, I., Lamkanfi, E. and Degrieck, J. (2007). Poisson’s ratio<br />

as a sensitive indicator of (fatigue) damage in fibre-reinforced plastics. Fatigue and<br />

Fracture of Engineering <strong>Materials</strong> & Structures, 30, 269–276.

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