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Composite Materials Research Progress

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204<br />

Conclusion<br />

Giangiacomo Minak and Andrea Zucchelli<br />

In this chapter, a new approach to the evaluation of damage progression and of the residual<br />

strength of CFRP was presented.<br />

This approach is based on standard parametric AE and in particular on the acoustic<br />

energy.<br />

A function of the acoustic energy and of the strain energy, called Sentry function, was<br />

introduced and its application was illustrated in the case of:<br />

1) damage progression in tensile testing of different types of CFRP laminates;<br />

2) damage progression and residual strength evaluation in the case of CFRP plates loaded<br />

at the centre.<br />

In the first case, the Sentry function allowed us to single out important material failures<br />

and to calculate the corresponding damage values, while in the second case, after the damage<br />

identification phase, the residual tensile strength was related to the integral of the Sentry<br />

function over the acoustic domain defined in the transversal load test.<br />

References<br />

[1] Slight DW, <strong>Progress</strong>ive Failure Analysis Methodology for Laminated <strong>Composite</strong><br />

Structures, NASA/TP-1999-209107, 1999.<br />

[2] Basu S, Wass AM, Ambur AR, Prediction of progressive failure in multidirectional<br />

composite laminated panels, International Journal of Solids and Structures, 44 (2007)<br />

2648-2676<br />

[3] Lapczyk I, Hurtado JA, <strong>Progress</strong>ive damage modeling in fibre-reinforced materials,<br />

<strong>Composite</strong>s Part A, 38 (2007) 2333-2341<br />

[4] Abry JC, Bochard S, Chateauminois A, Salvia M, Giraud G, In situ detection of damage<br />

in CFRP laminates by electrical resistance measurements, <strong>Composite</strong>s Science and<br />

Technology, 59 (1999) 925-935<br />

[5] Tsuda H, Lee JR, Strain and damage monitoring of CFRP in impact loading using a<br />

fibre Bragg grating sensor system, <strong>Composite</strong>s Science and Technology, 67 (2007) 1353-<br />

1361<br />

[6] Deuschle HM, Wittel FK, Gerard H, Busse G, Kroplin BH, Investigation of progressive<br />

failure in composites by combined simulated and experimental photoelasticity,<br />

Computational Material Science, 38 (2006) 1-8<br />

[7] Benmedakhene S, Kenane M, Benzeggagh ML, Initiation and growth of delamination in<br />

glass/epoxy composites subjected to static and dynamic loading by acoustic emission<br />

monitoring, <strong>Composite</strong>s Science and technology, 59 (1999) 201-208<br />

[8] Bourchak M, Farrow IR, Bond IP, Rowland CW, Menan F, Acoustic Emission energy<br />

as a fatigue damage parameter for CFRP composites, International Journal of Fatigue,<br />

29 (2007) 458-470<br />

[9] Loutas TH, Kostopulos V, Ramirez-Jimenez C, Pharaoh M, Damage evolution in<br />

center-holed glass/polyester composites under quasi static loading using time-frequency

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