Composite Materials Research Progress

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204 Conclusion Giangiacomo Minak and Andrea Zucchelli In this chapter, a new approach to the evaluation of damage progression and of the residual strength of CFRP was presented. This approach is based on standard parametric AE and in particular on the acoustic energy. A function of the acoustic energy and of the strain energy, called Sentry function, was introduced and its application was illustrated in the case of: 1) damage progression in tensile testing of different types of CFRP laminates; 2) damage progression and residual strength evaluation in the case of CFRP plates loaded at the centre. In the first case, the Sentry function allowed us to single out important material failures and to calculate the corresponding damage values, while in the second case, after the damage identification phase, the residual tensile strength was related to the integral of the Sentry function over the acoustic domain defined in the transversal load test. References [1] Slight DW, Progressive Failure Analysis Methodology for Laminated Composite Structures, NASA/TP-1999-209107, 1999. [2] Basu S, Wass AM, Ambur AR, Prediction of progressive failure in multidirectional composite laminated panels, International Journal of Solids and Structures, 44 (2007) 2648-2676 [3] Lapczyk I, Hurtado JA, Progressive damage modeling in fibre-reinforced materials, Composites Part A, 38 (2007) 2333-2341 [4] Abry JC, Bochard S, Chateauminois A, Salvia M, Giraud G, In situ detection of damage in CFRP laminates by electrical resistance measurements, Composites Science and Technology, 59 (1999) 925-935 [5] Tsuda H, Lee JR, Strain and damage monitoring of CFRP in impact loading using a fibre Bragg grating sensor system, Composites Science and Technology, 67 (2007) 1353- 1361 [6] Deuschle HM, Wittel FK, Gerard H, Busse G, Kroplin BH, Investigation of progressive failure in composites by combined simulated and experimental photoelasticity, Computational Material Science, 38 (2006) 1-8 [7] Benmedakhene S, Kenane M, Benzeggagh ML, Initiation and growth of delamination in glass/epoxy composites subjected to static and dynamic loading by acoustic emission monitoring, Composites Science and technology, 59 (1999) 201-208 [8] Bourchak M, Farrow IR, Bond IP, Rowland CW, Menan F, Acoustic Emission energy as a fatigue damage parameter for CFRP composites, International Journal of Fatigue, 29 (2007) 458-470 [9] Loutas TH, Kostopulos V, Ramirez-Jimenez C, Pharaoh M, Damage evolution in center-holed glass/polyester composites under quasi static loading using time-frequency
Damage Evaluation and Residual Strength Prediction of CFRP Laminates … 205 analysis of acoustic emission monitored waveforms, Composites Science and Technology, 66 (2006) 1366-1375 [10] Hosur MV, Murty CRL, Ramamurthy TS, Shet A, Estimation of impact-induced damage of CFRP laminates through ultrasonic imaging, NDT&E International, 31(5), (1998) 359-374 [11] Abrate S, Impact on laminated composite materials. Applied Mechanics Review, 44(4), (1991) 155–90. [12] Abrate S, Impact on laminated composites: recent advances. Applied Mechanics Reviews , 47(11), (1994) 517–44. [13] Abrate S, Impact on composite structures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, (1998). [14] Cantwell WJ, Morton J, The impact resistance of composite materials a review, Composites, 22(5), (1991) 347-362 [15] Caprino G, Langella A, Lopresto V, Prediction of first failure energy of circular carbon fibre reinforced plastic plates loaded at the centre, Composites Part A, 34 (2003) 349-357 [16] Caprino G, Langella A, Lopresto V, Elastic behaviour of circular composite plates transversely loaded at the centre, Composites Part A , 33 (2002) 1191–1197 [17] Found MS, Holden GJ, Swamy RN. Static indentation and impact behaviour of GRP pultruded sections, Composite Structures, 39 (1997) 223-228 [18] Lee SM, Zahuta P, Instrumented impact and static indentation of composites, Journal of Composite Materials, 25(2), (1991) 204–22 [19] Kwon YS, Sankar BV, Indentation-flexure and low-velocity impact damage in graphite epoxy laminates, Journal of Composites Technology and Research, 15(2), (1993) 101–110 [20] Wardle BL, Lagace PA, On the use of quasi-static testing to assess impact damage resistance of composite shell structures, Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures, 5(1), (1998) 103–121 [21] Sjöblom PO, Hartness TM, Cordell TM, On low-velocity impact testing of composite materials, Journal of Composite Materials, 22(1),(1988) 30–52. [22] Lagace PA, Williamson JE, Tsang PHW, Wolf E, Thomas S, A preliminary proposition for a test method to measure impact damage resistance, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 12(5), (1993) 584–601 [23] Symons DD, Characterisation of indentation damage in 0/90 lay-up T300/914 CFRP, Composites Science and Technology 60, (2000) 391-401 [24] Alderson KL, Evans KE. Failure mechanisms during the transverse loading of filamentwound pipes under static and low velocity impact conditions, Composites, 23(3), (1992) 167–73 [25] Hirai Y, Hamada H, Kim JK. Impact response of woven glass-fabric composites. I. Effect of fibre surface treatment, Composites Science and Technology, 58(1), (1998) 91- 105 [26] Matemilola SA, Stronge WJ. Low speed impact damage in filament wound CFRP composite pressure vessels, Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology;119(4), (1997) 435–43 [27] Schoeppner GA, Abrate S, Delamination threshold loads for low velocity impact on composite laminates, Composites Part A, 31(9), (2000) 903-915
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COMPOSITE MATERIALS RESEARCH PROGRE
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Copyright © 2008 by Nova Science P
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vi Contents Chapter 9 Recent Advanc
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viii Lucas P. Durand scale transiti
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x Lucas P. Durand machine. In paral
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In: Composite Materials Research Pr
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Multi-scale Analysis of Fiber-Reinf
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T300 fibers (Soden et al., 1998; Ag
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1 I L = L : r v Multi-scale Analysi
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I E ⎡0 ⎢ ⎢0 ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢0
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Applied macroscopic load Correspond
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Optimization of Laminated Composite
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⎧σ x ⎫ ⎡ mE ⎪ ⎪ ⎢ x
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and γ 2 γ 0 Optimization of Lamin
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4 x 10 5 4 3 2 1 Compliance (Nmm) 0
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3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 Optimization of L
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110 W.H. Zhong, R.G. Maguire, S.S.
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112 Reinforcement: Advanced materia
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130 Yuanxin Zhou, Hassan Mahfuz, Vi
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140 Heat Flow (W/g) Heat Flow (W/g)
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144 Material Yuanxin Zhou, Hassan M
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146 SEM Analysis Yuanxin Zhou, Hass
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150 Governing Equation For the fibe
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152 ⎧ UU = ⎨ ⎩ ⎧ UD = ⎨
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Page 180 and 181: 166 Giangiacomo Minak and Andrea Zu
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Damage Variables in Impact Testing
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Eletromechanical Field Concentratio
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MV/m. Eletromechanical Field Concen
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276 S.C. Tjong developed in the pas
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278 S.C. Tjong ultrasonic waves gen
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280 S.C. Tjong applications. Goujon
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282 S.C. Tjong nanoparticles were p
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284 S.C. Tjong where DL is lattice
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286 S.C. Tjong stress is temperatur
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288 S.C. Tjong threshold stress res
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290 S.C. Tjong NC Al, and the NC Al
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292 S.C. Tjong (a) (b) Figure 19. T
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294 S.C. Tjong Apart from forming u
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296 S.C. Tjong [29] Saravanan, M.;
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298 braids, 115 broadband, 211 bubb
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300 endothermic, 139 endurance, 32
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302 isostatic pressing, 279, 288 It
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304 piezoelectricity, 261 pitch, 12
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306 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 84, 94,
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