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Composite Materials Research Progress

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188<br />

A<br />

B<br />

E (MPa)<br />

D<br />

250000<br />

200000<br />

150000<br />

100000<br />

50000<br />

1.0<br />

0.9<br />

0.8<br />

0.7<br />

0.6<br />

0.5<br />

0.4<br />

0.3<br />

0.2<br />

0.1<br />

Giangiacomo Minak and Andrea Zucchelli<br />

0<br />

0.000 0.010 0.020 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.060 0.070 0.080 0.090<br />

Strain<br />

0.0<br />

0.000 0.010 0.020 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.060 0.070 0.080 0.090<br />

Strain<br />

E<br />

D() s = 1−<br />

E<br />

Figure 15. Trends of (A) Elastic modulus, E, and (B) Damage, D, versus strain for each type of<br />

laminate; for the damage calculation, of each laminate, E 0 is equal to the mean value of the Young<br />

modulus as reported in Table 2 that correspond to the Young modulus of the undamaged laminate.<br />

Details about the damage of each type of laminate are reported in figures 16 to 20.<br />

( s)<br />

0<br />

UD<br />

AP<br />

QI1<br />

QI2<br />

QI3<br />

UD<br />

AP<br />

QI1<br />

QI2<br />

QI3

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