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Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti 14/812003. De uoiont~. les urdesd Irak? Redevenus irakien~ ilss'inquiètent d'une réunification voulue par Washington. Directrice de Mission Enfanc~ impliquée de longue date dans leur combat Domitille Lagourgue raconte Keffiehs, djellabas et tchadors, le nouveau décorum vestimen- . taire dJl Kurdistan d'Irai. tranche sur l'uniformité du traditionnel barghis kurde ..d'hier ... Et les Kurdes regardent avec circonspection les incursions de leurs « frères arabes» d'Irak, qui viennent . chaque week-end prendre le frais dans les montagnes du Nord ou admirer les étalages bien'approvisionnés du su- . perinarché Mazide Dohuk.l.e Kurdistan attire aussi les permissionnaires américains, qui déambulent désarmés dans les souks, suivis d'un essaim d'enfants rigolards. En Irak, l'histoire qui lie les 4 millions de Kurdes aux Arabes de la plaine est tellement entachée de sang qu'un avenir commun, après douze années d'isolement, angoisse secrètement ce peuple de montagnards. «Pour l'instant, ils ne nous font pas peur, car, en perdant leur chef, ils ont abandonné leur arrogance. Mais demain ... », s'inquiète Mgr Rabban, prélat chaldéen (catholique) et kurde. L'Irak, les Kurdes le savent, ne sera pas démantelé. Mais ce qu'Us réclament aux nouveaux occupants, c'est une fédération qui les lierait à Bagdad tout en respectant leur identité. « Une fédération en quatre parties. . LeNord kurde, le Centre sunnite, le Sud chüte et le district de Bagdad, qui synthétiserait, dans sa composition naturelle, les éléments ethniques et confessionnels du pays )),précise Masrour Barzani, fils de Massoud Barzani, chef du Parti démocratique du Kurdistan (PDK). En attendant, lesKurdesveulent voir reconnus les fruits de la volonté d'ouverture démocratique et de modernisation qui les anime depuis 1991.Et redoutent de faire les frais de la paralysie économique de l'Irak. Les forces de la coalition leur ont interdit de percevoir des taxes sur le pétrole qui transite sur leur territoire - une pratique qui fournissait 90 % des recettes du gouver- m nement semi-autonome de ~ Massoud Barzani. I IIHoussommes au bord dela faillite" Ilsleur ont aussi demandé de cesser de taxer les personnels des organisations non gouvernementales présentes au Kurdistan. « Nous sommes au bord de la faillite, se lamente SerkissAgaDjan, ministre des Finances du gouvernement kurde. Des monceaux de dinars irakienssont stockésdans les banques et lesAméricains nous interdisent de nous en servir parce qu'ils veulent qu'on utilise leurs dollars. )) Ilfaudrait, selon lui, remettre en circulation l'équivalent des 8 milliards de dinars, en billets de 25 dinars, supprimés en 1992par le dictateur déchu, à l'époque où Ucherchait noise aux ennemis kurdes du Nord. Entre le « dinar suisse ))des Kurdes (imprimé avant 1991 dans la Confédération helvétique), le « dinar moustachu)) créé par Sadd am en 1992 (dont lavaleur dépasse àpeine celle du papier) et le « dollar mouvant ))qui sert aux ver- '" 1;' Le 9 avriI2003, à Simel, dans le nord de rirai
Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro Busb rejects expanding UN role inIraq By Steven R. Weismalf with Felicity Barringer' WASHINGTON: The Bush administration has abandoned the idea 01' giving the United Nations more of a role in the occupation of Iraq as sought by France, India and other countries as a condition for their participation' in peacekeeping th~ administration officials say. ': ; Instead, the officials said Wednesday, the United States will widen its effort to ,enlist other countries to assist the occupation forces in Iraq, which are domi- , nated by the 139,000U.S. troops there. In addition to American forces in Iraq, there are 21,000 troops representing 18 countries. At present.ll,OOO of that number" 'are 'ftG.m Britain. The United States plans to s'eeklarger nuinbers to help, especially with relief supplies that are coming from, another dozen countries. Administration officials said that;i~ ' spite of the difficult security situation', , in Iraq, there was a consensus in the ad- , ministration that it would be better to work with these countries than to in- Volve the United Nations or countries that opposed the war and are now eager to exercise influence in a postwarIraq. ' "The administration is not willing to confront going to the security Council and saying, 'We really need to make Iraq an internationaloperation,'" an ac;lIpinisuation official said. "You can màlèêäëase that itwould be better to do that, but, right now, the situation in Iraq is not that dire. " Tbe.administration's position could complicate its hopes ofbringing a large numb'er of American troops home soon. The length of the American occupation depends on how quickly the country can be stabilized and attacks and uprisings brought under controL The thinking on broadening international forces was disclosed Wednesday as the United States moved on a separate front at the Security Council to get â resolution passed to welcome the establishment of the 25-member Iraqi Governing' 'Council set up by the United States and Britain in Iraq. In a measure of several misgivings, however, the dipÏomats sa:id thatthe ,wording of the resolution was changed at the last minute Wednesday from saying that the Security Council "endorses" the Iraqi group to saying that the council "welcomes" it. ' 'The resolution would also establish' an "assistance mission" of the United Nations in Baghdad to support various UN activities there. Both steps were sought' by the UN secretary general, ~ofi Annan, who had been under some I pressure fron:CWasmngton-tc l make' tf ' gesture to recognize the legi' timacy of the occupation. ,.. ,,'. ' The U.S.-;led oc:cPpation pIcked the Governing.C~Unéi}.members. in July, appOinting people who represented a mix of ethnic and sectarian interests to oversee Iraqiministries a~d begin.the process of drafting an Iraqi constitution. Several Iraqi couneil members have visited the United Nations, and Annan said this month that he favored ~some , ,(orm of recognition" for the Governing Council through a Security Council resolution. The resolution drafted by the United States and submitted Wednesday was perfunctory compared with previous council resolutions on Iraq. Administration officials said they expected to win the approval of the council, although it was possible that syria would abstain or vote against the resolution. Only ,a negative vote from the five pennanent membèrs;cif the 'coimcil ~ Russia, China, France, Britain and the United States - would constitute a veto. Though the administration ;18S decided against seeking a separate 'l'esolu-' tion to give the United Nations any authority over security, some officials.say that consideration might be given to getting wider UN authority over the multibillion-dollar reconstruction of Iraq. A meeting of potential donor countries has been scheduled for Oct. 24 in , Madrid, and some of the big European countries that wanted a more signif~ cant UN role if they sent peace~epers are also hinting that they want the United Nations to have more of a say in 'reconstruction if they have to put up' huge sums of money for that effort. In Iraq this week, L. Paul Bremer 3rd~ the top American administrator in~th~ with Secrëtary of State Colin Powell to pursue that route. , . Rumsfeld, according to administration officials, vehemently opposes any dilution of military authority over Iraq by involving the United Nations, either ' through UN peacekeepers or indirectly in any UN authorizationof forces from othercountries. ' American military officials say they fear that involving the United Nations, even indirectly, Williessen the latitude the United States must have in overseeing Iraqi sècurity and pursuing anti- American guerrilla forces or terrorists. The New York TImes • UN welcomes Iraq council The UN Security Council on Thursday VQted,14 to 0, to adopt a resolution ' de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti occupation, said that over the next four years, the amount of money needed from outside for Iraq would be "staggering." Many experts say it could amount to tens of billions of dollars. ' The Bush administration has been reluctant to give the United Nations more than minimal authority in the reconstruction of Iraq. Many administration members say that France, Germany" Russia and other countries demanding such a role are actually doing so to try to get more contracts and economic benefits for themselves. . The desire for more UN involvement by many countries echoes the debate that preceded the war. Vice President Dick Chen~y; Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld. and others werf,'!openly disdainful of getting UN authorization for the war, even after.Bush bad sided'. welcoming the creation of Iraq's new Governing Council, with Syria, the council's sole Arab nation, abstaining, The New York Txmes reported Thursday. The measure, which was drafted by the United States, also establishes the ' UN Assistance Mission for Iraq for one year to support various world body activities there. The passage of the resolution reflected in some ways an increasing consensus among the Security Counçil's members on some of the volatile issues involving Iraq. But in other ways it reaffirmed some of the pre-existing rifts. The consensus was not achieved until the United States backèd off its call for the Security Council to endorse Iraq's new 25-member Governing Council by allowing the substitution of theword "welcomes" for "endorses." International Herald Tribune , Friday, August 15, 2003 87
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