n3-al-mukhatabat-journal

three basic forces of nature. Michael Silberstein describes the current situation
as follows:
The world is not just a set of separately existing localized objects, externally
related only by space and time. Something deeper, and more mysterious, knits
together the fabric of the world. We have only just come to the moment in the
development of physics that we can begin to contemplate what that might be
(Silberstein: 97).
As a consequence, the mechanical postulate of the interaction between the final
corpuscular constituents of matter is rendered to the status of a philosophical
speculation instead of being a realistic representation of nature.
Similarly, nobody, in the main stream science, defends today determinism as a
concept that mirrors reality. For Quantum Mechanics has shown that subatomic
particles interact probabilistically. For example John Roberts states clearly that
the probabilistic nature of state reduction entails that the standard formulation of
quantum mechanics is indeterministic in all of the senses of the term. (Roberts:
204)
As a consequence, we can't ascribe determinism to individual particles or
systems, but we can define the overall probabilistic outcome of one particle over
a sufficient period of time or of sufficiently great number of particles in a specific
time. This led to the appearance of the concept of 'probabilistic determinism', an
obvious endeavor to save 'philosophically' the concept of determinism.
Moreover, the appearance of chaotic and self-organized systems, in which we
can't follow the deterministic interactions between the particles, and hence can't
predict its outcome in advance, have led to giving up the classical notion of
determinism in such systems. To the extent that John Roberts states that it is
now known that classical physics is not deterministic, in either the predictability
sense or the ontic sense. More generally, he adds, many classical systems
exhibit the feature known as chaos, which rules out the possibility of
predictability (Roberts: 200) .
Besides the physical systems, determinism has proved to be not applicable to
other non-physical systems, such as organic chemical combinations, living cells,
AL-MUKHATABAT Numéro 03 Année 01/2012 لىولأا ةن سلا 30 ددعلا تابطانا
125
ISSN: 1737-6432