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am TvalsazrisiT viTarebas ar cvlis is faqti, rom
svanurSi inferenciuli awmyos (resp. myofadusrulis)
warmoeba sufiqsuria, xolo megrulSi _ meSvelzmniani.
§15. sruli myofadi
specialur literaturaSi miTiTebulia, rom rig eneb-
Si (Turquli, kavkasiuri, finur-ugruli, afrikuli, amerikel
indielTa enebi da sxv.) iribevidencialuri mniSvnelobebi
gramatikulad savaldebuloa naTqvamis garkveuli tipebis
gasaformeblad. sxvagan ki (magaliTad, rusulSi, inglisurSi,
germanulSi, frangulSi,...) es semantika ar aris
gramatikulad savaldebulo, magram saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi
igi gadmoicema sintaqsurad da leqsikurad (Козинцева 2007:
14). zogierT enaSi inferenciuli evidencialoba epistemikuri
SinaarsiT drois pirobiTi formiT (mwkriviT) gamoixateba;
magaliTad, e. kordi frangulSi inferenciuli evidencialobis
gamoxatvis saSualebebad swored pirobiTis
(conditionnel) da myofadis formebs (future modal) asaxelebs.
amasTanave, aRniSnavs, rom iribi evidencialoba markirebulia
mxolod epistemikur (saeWvo-savaraudoobis, dauzusteblobis)
mniSvnelobasTan erTad arsebobisas (Корди 2007:
258-266). Aam TvalszrisiT tipologiurad sayuradReboa svanuris
monacemebi.
vfiqrobT, amosavalSive ukve sainteresoa is movlena,
rom sruli myofadi svanurSi ramdenime warmoebisaa: 1. windebuli+awmyos
fuZe, romelic qarTul-megrulisa da rusulis
myofadis analogias warmoadgens; 2. ZiriTadi preverbi
(an-, ad-/a-, es-/as-, la-) + awmyos fuZe+sufiqsi; 3. awmyos fu-
Ze+sufiqsi (Tofuria 1967: 116; WumburiZe 1986: 184; oniani
1998: 181-185). es ukanaskneli (martooden sufiqsiT, uzmniswinod
nawarmoebi), xSiri ar aris, mawarmoebel formantebad
ki igive sufiqsebi gvevlineba, romlebic prefiqs-sufiqso-
vani warmoebis dros aris, saxeldobr -i da -in-e: xкmne `aWmevs~
/ xкmni (||xкmnine) `aWmevs~...; `warmoeba preverbi+awmyos
fuZe myofadis mniSvnelobiT formis mxriv yuradRebas ar
iqcevso~ _ SeniSnavs v. Tofuria (Tofuria 1967: 119-125).;
saqme is aris, rom arc semantikurad gaxlavT identuri
CamoTvlili formebi; ZiriTadi preverbiTa da sufiqsiT
nawarmoebi myofadi (2) (ix. gv. 122) oden windebuliT nawarmoebi
myofadisgan (1) swored inferenciulobiT gansxvavdeba:
Cæadgрri `moklavs~ qarTuliseburi, kategoriuli
(/neitraluri) myofadia; xolo Cæadgrine, Caddagri{ne} (
bz.), Cæaddagri{sg} / Cæadgрrne (bq.) formas, konteqstis gareSe
aRebuls, qarTulad aseve `moklavs~ zmniT an, konteqstis
Sesabamisad, kavSirebiTiT …(`rom moklavdes...~) ganmartaven,
magram sinamdvileSi myofadis am or formas gamoyenebis
sferoebi ganawilebuli aqvs: pirveli (romelsac SeiZleba
pirdapirevidencialuri, neitraluri, kategoriuli
an Cveulebrivi myofadi vuwodoT) da qarTulis myofadi
srulad faraven erTmaneTs rogorc warmoebis principiT,
ise semantikurad (formalurad es zmniswiniani awmyoa myofadis
funqciiT), meore _ epistemikuri myofadi ki inferenciulia,
is msjelobis, varaudis, prognozis niuansis Semcvelia
Sesasrulebeli moqmedebis mimarT; magaliTad,
bкzi gims Cæadkæermi{sg} _ `amaRam [SesaZloa / savaraudoa]
miwas gayinavs~ _ mTqmeli misTvis cnobili bunebrivi
movlenebis fonze msjelobs, gamoTqvams prognozs,
vinaidan Zalian civa da caze Rrubeli ar aris, rac yinvis
mosalodnelobaze metyvelebs (mTqmels SeeZlo
kategoriuli formis gamoyenebac: Cæрkæremi `gayinavs~ _
aseT SemTxvevaSic, cxadia, movlenis arsidan gamomdinare,
naTqvami inferenciuli iqneboda, magram formalurad es ar
aisaxeboda.
aseve, winadadebaSi méxрr beTqil RaSs Cadgrine,
ezрr mкd ìraОa? _ `xval [rom] beTqili jixvs moklavs (=
rom moklavs /moklavdes /moklas...), kargi ar iqneba?~ oden-
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