21.05.2013 Views

anpuh.s02 - Associação Nacional de História

anpuh.s02 - Associação Nacional de História

anpuh.s02 - Associação Nacional de História

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

Create successful ePaper yourself

Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.

tam a necessida<strong>de</strong> do trabalho comum para o melhor aproveitamento<br />

da terra. Tal sistema era empregado nas extensas proprieda<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong><br />

cultivo cujas origens remontam certamente, aos tempos pré-históricos.<br />

Era necessária a colaboração <strong>de</strong> todos os membros da comunida<strong>de</strong><br />

nas tarefas que resultariam em beneficio <strong>de</strong> todos. A ativida<strong>de</strong><br />

comum <strong>de</strong> arar, <strong>de</strong> plantar, e <strong>de</strong> colhêr, sob um mesmo comando, faz<br />

com que consi<strong>de</strong>remos êste tipo <strong>de</strong> proprieda<strong>de</strong> comunitária, o mais<br />

caracteristico e aquêle que mais profundamente correspon<strong>de</strong> a uma<br />

instituição <strong>de</strong> caráter social. Realizadas as colheitas, todos os animais,<br />

todo o gado daquelas populações, constituindo como que um<br />

rebanho comum, pasta naquelas terras, aproveita do solo as restevas<br />

e i<strong>de</strong>ntificando ainda mais, pelo interêsse <strong>de</strong> cada um e <strong>de</strong> todos,<br />

aquelas populações.<br />

Deve-se ainda acentuar que a ativida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> cada um <strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong> da<br />

ativida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> todos e que a igualda<strong>de</strong> econômica dos proprietários <strong>de</strong>ve<br />

ter sido a regra geraL Em caso <strong>de</strong> enfermida<strong>de</strong> ou <strong>de</strong> invali<strong>de</strong>z,<br />

atuam os vizinhos resolvendo os problemas daqueles que a má sorte<br />

tenha prejUdicado. Verda<strong>de</strong>iras estruturas <strong>de</strong> caráter social marcam e<br />

caracterizam aquelas instituições, apresentando-as como prenúncio<br />

do que realizaram ou <strong>de</strong>veriam ter realizado os homens do século xx.<br />

COMMUNITY PROPERTY IN THE XII AND XIll CENTURIES<br />

SUMMARY<br />

The author divi<strong>de</strong>s his work into four chapters: 1) Introduction.<br />

2) Communal Property in the barbarian period. 3) Importance of<br />

the XII and XIII centuries. 4) Common Property or Social Property.<br />

In the first chapter the author points out the difficulty that the<br />

historian of Medieval Ages has concernlng early sources. He says<br />

that in the Middle Ages there was no differentiation between property<br />

of land and social problems, that they complemented each<br />

other, and that Church legislation and life were related to these<br />

problems in a higher <strong>de</strong>gree than the State law.<br />

Going on he analyses the different kinds of land property in the<br />

barbarian period, examining the Mark or Allmen<strong>de</strong>n, the property<br />

which belonged at once to the community and to its components.<br />

In the third chapter he says that he consi<strong>de</strong>rs the XII and XIll<br />

centuries the most important and <strong>de</strong>cisive in the historical transformation<br />

of the Middle Ages. He analyses the political events, the<br />

agrarian progress, the increase in population, the rising towns, the<br />

evolution of thought in consequence of philosophical studies, art and<br />

literature, and conclu<strong>de</strong>s that these centuries may be consi<strong>de</strong>red<br />

structurally as mo<strong>de</strong>m.<br />

In the last chapter he says that the most important forms of<br />

use of land in the XII and XIII centuries was community or social<br />

62

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!