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24 The Legacy of Abandoned Mines 1 2 3 1 Mina de São Domingos - Percurso de observação da corta. 2 Mina de São Domingos (Pomarão). Estação do caminho-de-ferro do porto de embarque no rio Guadiana, convertido num centro interpretativo da natureza. 3 Mina de Argozelo - Muro de contenção da escombreira posteriormente adaptado a bancada do campo de futebol. 1 São Domingos Mine - Open pit observation trail. 2 São Domingos Mine - Old railway station at the Pomarão loading port at the Guadiana river, converted to a nature interpretative centre. 3 Argozelo Mine - Waste pile support wall, then adapted to seat rows of the local football field. 4 Mina de São Domingos - Bairro mineiro. (JB) 5 Mina do Lousal - Antigas instalações industriais transformadas em oficinas de artesanato. (JB) 4 São Domingos Mine - Workforce houses. (JB) 5 Lousal Mine - Old industrial installations converted to handicraft shops. (JB)
A Herança das Minas Abandonadas 25 com o compromisso do topo das suas organizações. Convém que estas parcerias sejam criadas o mais cedo possível na fase de planeamento, especialmente se houver problemas de confiança significativos a ultrapassar. Existem muitas organizações, comunidades, indivíduos e entidades oficiais interessadas em corrigir os défices ambientais e socioeconómicos nas áreas das minas abandonadas. É certo que, actuando isoladamente, nenhuma das partes interessadas consegue alcançar este objectivo com êxito. A avaliação da situação, a análise e selecção das opções disponíveis, o desenho e implementação de planos de acção são actividades melhor conduzidas por grupos constituídos e representados por todas as partes interessadas. Estes intervenientes podem envolver vários níveis e departamentos governamentais (locais, regionais e nacionais, desenvolvimento económico local, regeneração, ambiente, turismo, etc.), grupos comunitários, organizações ambientais e grupos com interesses especiais, que vão desde associações de caçadores e pescadores, a historiadores e apaixonados da herança da industria. O objectivo de formar um grupo formal de representantes com interesses diversos é criar confiança e permitir que um conjunto de perspectivas e experiências contribuam para a resolução dos problemas resultantes do legado das minas abandonadas, com base na experiência de outros locais e de outros sectores da economia. 2. Estabelecer uma completa caracterização inicial das condições ambientais e socioeconómicas Em muitos casos, os locais que requerem atenção foram deixados ao abandono durante muitos anos. O primeiro passo necessário para resolver estes legados é fazer uma avaliação dos activos e responsabilidades – no sentido mais lato – existentes na área. No final da actividade mineira, alguns locais são, geralmente, deixados em condições degradadas, sem qualquer camada de solo de revestimento que permita o crescimento de vegetação. O substrato rochoso exposto e as superfícies cobertas de resíduos mineiros podem conter alguns minerais quimicamente instáveis, tais com os sulfuretos, que ao oxidarem com o tempo, libertam soluções ácidas contendo metais tóxicos – a chamada 4 5 bringing different experiences and skill-sets to the table. The time required to build effective partnerships should not be underestimated – along with an understanding that the partners will need to be willing to share knowledge and experience, be generous in providing support and have commitment from the top of their organisations. Partnerships are best created as early as possible in the planning process, particularly if there are significant trust issues to overcome. Many organisations, communities, individuals and official entities are interested in correcting deficits in environmental, social and economic capacity in abandoned mining areas. It is certain that, acting alone, no single stakeholder can achieve this successfully. The assessment of the current situation, the evaluation and selection of available options, the design and implementation of action plans are all activities best conducted by groups composed and representative of all interested parties. Stakeholders may include various levels and departments in government (local, regional and national, local economic development, regeneration, environment, tourism etc), community groups, environmental organisations, and special interest groups ranging from hunters and fishermen to historians and lovers of industrial heritage. The purpose of creating a formal group of representatives with diverse interests is to build trust and provide opportunities for a range of perspectives and experiences to contribute to the resolution of legacy problems – drawing from experience in other locations and other sectors of the economy. 2. Establish a comprehensive baseline of the environmental and socio-economic conditions In many cases, sites requiring attention have been left derelict and abandoned for many years. A necessary first step in addressing the legacy is to undertake an assessment of what the assets and liabilities – in their broadest sense – exist in the area. At the end of mining, parts of the mine site are typically left in a degraded condition, without a viable topsoil layer or other growth medium. The exposed bedrock and mineral waste surfaces may contain chemically unstable minerals such as sulphides, which oxidise over time and release acid solutions containing toxic metal – acid mine drainage. The landforms created by mining are often visually intrusive and incompatible with the landscape in which they are located. They may be physically unstable – at risk of catastrophic failure under earthquake conditions or just eroded by rain and river actions over long periods.
Page 1 and 2: A HERANÇA DAS MINAS ABANDONADAS A
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REFLEXÕES REFLECTIONS A Herança d
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NOTES 1. The Post-Mining Alliance i
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