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62 The Legacy of Abandoned Mines O PLANO DE RECUPERAÇÃO AMBIENTAL PROSSEGUIDO As capacidades, valências e informações técnicas disponíveis no seio do grupo de empresas integradas na EDM, SGPS, bem com o conhecimento objectivo associado a muitas das áreas mineiras com impactes a requererem intervenção, e o acesso a estudos e projectos entretanto desenvolvidos por várias entidades e em especial pelo Instituto Geológico Mineiro (IGM), permitiram que fossem criadas condições para uma gestão centralizada da Concessão, cujos trabalhos tiveram de imediato início, orientados segundo quatro vertentes: • Inventariação das áreas mineiras abandonadas e degradadas (à luz do Decreto-lei nº198-A/2001) e hierarquização das intervenções com base numa análise técnico-científica; • Lançamento de obras, cujos projectos, após revisão, se encontrassem disponíveis; • Posicionamento da empresa junto dos Programas Comunitários POA (Programa Operacional do Ambiente) e POE (Programa Operacional da Economia), no âmbito dos Quadros Comunitários de Apoio, com vista à consignação de fundos aos projectos a desenvolver; • Desenvolvimento de Estudos de Caracterização, Planos Directores, Estudos Ambientais e Projectos de Execução que sustentassem, não apenas as decisões de investimento e sua prioridade, como acomodassem as regras de financiamento dos projectos e permitissem estabelecer planos de actuação a médio prazo. Esta estratégia, cuja implementação até finais de 2005 foi difícil face aos múltiplos entraves colocados, quer em termos de financiamento, quer sobretudo pelo modo como a Concessão foi formalmente acompanhada e os respectivos projectos apreciados, viria, a partir daquele ano, a adquirir um ritmo adequado, em consequência, não só da EXMIN, por via da EDM ter chamado a si, com afectação de verbas próprias, o financiamento para a resolução de um dos principais impactes deixados pela indústria mineira em Portugal, a Barragem Velha na Urgeiriça associada ao processamento de minérios radioactivos, como também pelo facto do concedente ter substituído o anterior sistema de acompanhamento, atribuindo à Direcção Geral de Energia e Geologia não só a responsabilidade pelo mesmo como a articulação dos procedimentos com as várias entidades envolvidas no processo. Assim, até ao final do Quadro Comunitário de Apoio (QCA III), foi ainda possível desenvolver um significativo número de obras com o apoio dos Programas Regionais POE Norte e POE Alentejo, bem como com o Programa Operacional do Ambiente, de acordo com um plano que viria a ter continuidade a partir de 2007, já com apoio do QREN (Quadro de Referência Estratégico Nacional) e actualmente em curso. Article 4 – Public service 1 - The environmental recovery of degraded mining areas is akin to a public service to be carried out in terms of exclusivity. 2 - Situations not covered by this bill, in the terms of the previous paragraph, are ruled by the applicable general legislation. Article 5 – The concession 1 - The exclusive right to the exercise of the environmental recovery of the degraded mining areas shall be awarded, as a concession, to EXMIN — Companhia de Indústria e Serviços Mineiros e Ambientais, S. A. 2 - Granting of the concession will be carried out through an ad- ministrative contract, in line with the provisions of this bill and of the attachments that are an integral part of it. Article 6 – Granting of the contract The Minister for Economy and for the Environment and Land Planning are authorized, with the possibility of delegating authority, to subscribe, on behalf and representing the State, the concession contract, the minute of which must be approved by decision of the Council of Ministers.” It is thus, based upon the provisions of article No. 3 of Decree Law No. 198-A/2001, of 6 July, that EXMIN, S.A. through a concession contract concluded on 5 September 2001 and, from October 2005 by EDM, S.A. itself, due to the winding up by the merger of that company in the latter, would adopt the mission to: “Proceed with the Environmental Recovery of the areas of abandoned former mining operations, with a view to their environmental, cultural and economic valuation, acting within the scope of the Concession that was granted to it as a representative of the owner of the undertaking, the Portuguese State.” THE PLAN OF ENVIRON- MENTAL RECOVERY The capabilities, skills and technical information available in the EDM - SGPS group companies, the objective knowledge associated to many of the mining areas that require intervention due to their impacts, and the access to studies and projects meanwhile developed by several bodies and especially by the Mining Geological Institute (IGM), allowed that conditions be set up for a centralized management of the Concession, whose tasks were immediately commenced guided in line with four leading concerns:
A Herança das Minas Abandonadas 63 Até ao presente, Setembro de 2011, e sobre as 175 áreas mineiras inventariadas consideradas degradadas na base do Decreto-lei nº 198-A/2001, das quais 61 nos minérios radioactivos e 114 nos sulfuretos polimetálicos, com a distribuição pelo país que se evidencia no mapa seguinte, foram desenvolvidos entre estudos e projectos, as seguintes actuações: • 1 Estudo de Base; • 1 Estudo de Hierarquização; • 2 Estudos Directores para as Áreas Mineiras dos minérios radioactivos e 2 outros para as áreas dos Sulfuretos polimetálicos; • 77 Projectos de Execução e Estudos Ambientais; • 35 Obras de remediação, das quais 13 ainda em fase de ultimação; • 1 Plano para a Monitorização ante e pós remediação para o conjunto de áreas intervencionadas ou a intervencionar. Estas actuações estas que envolveram um total de investimento de 76 milhões de euros. Quadro com o total das áreas mineiras degradadas (ao abrigo do Decreto-lei nº 198-A/2001) Table listing the total degraded mining areas (in line with Decree Law No. 198-A/2001) Minérios Ores Minérios radioactivos Radioactive Minerals Sulfuretos polimetálicos Metallic sulphides Número de Áreas Mineiras Number of Mining Areas 61 114 Total 175 • Listing of the abandoned and degraded mining areas (in line with Decree Law No. 198- A/2001) and preparing the hierarchy of the interventions based upon a technical-scientific analysis; • Launching of works whose projects, after revision, might be available; • Positioning of the company with the Operational Programme for the Environment (POA) and the Operational Programme for the Economy (POE), both Portuguese Programmes supported by the European Community, in order to allocate funds to the projects to be developed; • Development of Qualification Assessments, Master Plans, Environmental Assessments and Execution Projects that would sustain, not just the investment decisions and their priority, but would also comprise the rules of project financing and allow establishing medium term action plans. The implementation of this strategy until the end of 2005 was difficult due to multiple obstacles having been encountered, both in terms of financing and in how the Concession procedures were formally followed and the respective projects assessed. From that year on, however, the implementation was car- As such, until the completion of CSF III, it was still possible to develop a significant number of undertakings with the support of the Regional Programmes POE North and POE Alentejo, as well as with that of the Operational Programme for the Environment (OPA), in line with a plan that would achieve continuity as from 2007, already with the support of the NSRF (National Strategic Reference Framework), and currently ongoing.. Until now, in September 2011, and covering the 175 listed mining areas, considered degraded in line with Decree Law No, 198-A/2001, 61 of which in radioactive minerals and 114 in metallic sulphides, distributed throughout the Country as shown in the map ahead, the undertakings carried out at an adequate rhythm as a consequence not only of EXMIN, but due to EDM having called upon itself, with the allocation of specific funds, the financing for the resolution of one of the main impacts left by the Portuguese mining industry, the Old Urgeiriça Dam associated to the processing of radioactive minerals, as well as the fact that the conceding party had replaced the previous follow up system attributed to the Directorate General of Energy and Geology (DGEG) not just the responsibility for the same, but also the linking of the procedures with the several bodies involved in the process.
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A HERANÇA DAS MINAS ABANDONADAS A
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REFLEXÕES REFLECTIONS A Herança d
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NOTES 1. The Post-Mining Alliance i
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