ECONOMICS UNIQUENESS

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150 ■ THE <strong>ECONOMICS</strong> OF <strong>UNIQUENESS</strong> TABLE 6.1 Activities Involved in the Valuation of Historic City Cores Spheres of social interaction Activity Scientifi c Historic research Ethnographic studies Archaeological research Aesthetic studies Cultural analysis Anthropological research Education and training Cultural groups Assessment of the public relations value of urban heritage Negotiations with owners Getting incentives from the government Securing partners for the operation and maintenance of the assets Grassroots Community involvement in support of preservation Participation of nongovernmental organizations and civil society in the decision-making process Mass media dissemination of the values and benefi ts of urban heritage preservation Community stewardship and safeguarding of cultural landscapes and monuments Market transactions Purchases of properties for preservation and development Sales and purchases or preserved and developed space Rental of commercial and residential property Institutional Setting up a national heritage institution Enacting regulation and safeguard policies Listing of urban heritage sites Managing land-use and building regulations Offering fi scal incentives Providing public-sector leadership Coordination, sequencing, and determining the scale of interventions Developing systems of incentives and penalties that apply to stakeholders Source: Author. decision-making processes are akin to the institutional processes leading to the enactment of conservation legislation in the countries, involving a mixture of technical and political considerations. (See box 6.3.) Th e allocation of public resources and funds targeted for urban heritage conservation is subject to more public scrutiny than listing procedures, if only because of the many competing demands on the scarce resources and funds of local, state, or national governments. However, the scope of actors involved is mostly confi ned to those who are involved in the budgeting process. Typically
GOVERNANCE IN HISTORIC CITY CORE REGENERATION PROJECTS ■ 151 BOX 6.3 Multiple Enhancement Activities Resulted in World Heritage Listing in Four Cities of Mauritania Mauritania Cultural Heritage Project (Project number 064570) Total Project Cost: US$5.5 million Total Loan Amount: US$5 million Approved: June 2000 – Closed: March 2005 The government of Mauritania, assisted by a World Bank loan and in collaboration with UNESCO, prepared a project implemented in four historic city cores in Mauritania; namely, Ouadane, Chinguetti, Tichit, and Ouallata. Upon project completion, these four cities were then nominated to and inscribed on the World Heritage List (WHL). The WHL listing provided these cities with key planning and management instruments and activities leading to positive valorization and economic development. Chief among these interventions are: (1) conservation and development plans; (2) preparation of practical maintenance and rehabilitation manuals; (3) approval of regulatory texts; and (4) onsite learning centers for capacity building in selected sites. Other project achievements included establishment of the Ministry of Culture, empowered to prepare regulations and conduct capacity building for human resources development and lead in the institutional reform. Source: Mauritania Cultural Heritage Project Appraisal Document and Implementation and Completion Report. the members of cultural groups raise public awareness of the importance of the conservation of the urban heritage through public forums and the media. Th ese activities contribute to create the conditions for local elected offi cials to rally central government agencies to provide resources and funds for local heritage assets. Key activities executed by the local government include identifying and designating cultural heritage assets and other places of historic signifi cance, supervising and conducting routine maintenance and conservation works for public spaces, making improvements to infrastructure and public spaces located within the heritage area, regulating the conservation actions of private stakeholders, and, above all, ensuring that the public and private interventions are eff ectively coordinated, executed in the proper sequence, and are robust in scale (Rojas 2004). Th e other area of action to consider closely is the market process. Private investors interested in bidding for properties in historic city cores—real estate
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Public Disclosure Authorized Public
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Th e Urban Development Series discu
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© 2012 International Bank for Reco
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vi ■ CONTENTS Project Appraisal i
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viii ■ CONTENTS Appendix II: Addi
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x ■ CONTENTS 7.4 Tourism Is Coupl
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xii ■ CONTENTS 9.1 How to Organiz
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Exegi monumentum aere perennius reg
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ■ xvii Cultural O
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xx ■ OVERVIEW What Are the Object
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xxii ■ OVERVIEW and captures the
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xxiv ■ OVERVIEW periphery, especi
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xxvi ■ OVERVIEW tourism—by impr
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xxviii ■ OVERVIEW 3. Institutiona
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1 Livable Historic City Cores and E
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LIVABLE HISTORIC CITY CORES AND ENA
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2 Investing in the Sense of Place:
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INVESTING IN THE SENSE OF PLACE ■
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0 45° INVESTING IN THE SENSE OF PL
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FIGURE 2.4 continued INVESTING IN T
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A Dubious Alternative: Property Rec
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46 ■ THE ECONOMICS OF UNIQUENESS
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TABLE 4.1 Overview of Hedonic Price
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UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE LIST, TOURISM
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TABLE 7.10 Robustness to Using Diff
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8 Financial Mechanisms for Historic
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FINANCIAL MECHANISMS FOR HISTORIC C
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BOX 8.2 FINANCIAL MECHANISMS FOR HI
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BOX 8.3 FINANCIAL MECHANISMS FOR HI
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TABLE 8.1 Local Financial Tools Use
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FIGURE 8.4 Brownfi eld Concession T
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Boxes, fi gures, maps, notes, and t
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China. See also specifi c cities ac
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public sector role, 222-26, 223b, 2
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Kraay, A., 198 Kratz, C. G., 96 L l
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Pine Ridge Reservation (U.S.), 238
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Shaoxing, China, local residents re
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urban economics appraisal approach,
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ECO-AUDIT Environmental Benefits St
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ECONOMICS UNIQUENESS

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