ECONOMICS UNIQUENESS

270 ■ THE ECONOMICS OF UNIQUENESS
FIGURES 9.2
Various Patterns of Economic Landscapes
Concentric around a
central monument
Source: Author.
a b c d
expressed through diff erent shapes, showing how economic values are organized
in space: a landscape can be concentric around a central highly attractive
monument (fi gure 9.2a); a landscape can be drawn following linear (fi gure
9.2b) or star-shaped areas (fi gure 9.2c); and shapes can also be multiple and
separated from each other (fi gure 9.2d).
Regional mapping of monuments and sites may be processed in the same way.
Th e aim is to develop GIS network approaches and frameworks, such as establishing
the linkages between several urban sites to create tourism circuits or to
diff use mass tourism from highly concentrated spots. In addition, such GIS network
approaches could reveal accessibility indicators such as travel time.
Enhancing Urban Spatial Function
Linear Star-shaped Multiple, separate
shapes
Th e public or collective nature of the heritage justifi es government intervention
on behalf of its citizens. City authorities have a key role to play in bringing heritage
stakeholders together, fi nding solutions to confl icts between stakeholders,
and implementing policy including managing trade-off s. Increasing non-use
values with an improved external image for the city, increasing use values with
economic incentives, and reducing macroeconomic leakages are all actions
that contribute simultaneously to improved preservation of the heritage and
to the sustainable development of the city. But they can only be accomplished
if a societal consensus is established among citizens and stakeholders of the
city’s heritage. Heritage stakeholders include local and city governments, tourism
management, individual inhabitants, local businesses, investors, heritage
administrators, conservation project managers, and site managers. In historic