ECONOMICS UNIQUENESS

278 ■ THE ECONOMICS OF UNIQUENESS
(light yellow on the map). Th is indicates the highly concentrated nature of
the city heritage.
• Indirect use values related to tourism (map 9.7E): Th e main places with
estimated indirect use values are identifi ed in red on the map. Inside the
city, there are eight places for lodging and food, plus the Monday market.
Indirect use values include also the sales of 27 tourist guidebooks.
Outside of the city, there are the ferry transportation services and lodging
at Djenné Djenno hotel. Tentative mapping of indirect use values (for
the known business locations) shows that most of the lodging business
is concentrated north of Yroboukaina, not far from the Mosque and the
marketplace.
• Use values related to impacts on the local economy (map 9.7F): Th e test-case
study did not address specifi cally macroeconomic impact from conservation
projects. Th e volume of investment in the 12 neighborhoods amounted to
CFAF140 million (US$280,000) in 2008, mostly from private funds. Th e map
shows an estimate of the spatial distribution of macroeconomic impact (jobs,
income) from investments.
• Economic landscape (map 9.7G): An economic landscape map combines
shapes of data displayed in the individual maps. 20 Th e economic landscape
map for Djenné indicates how overall economic values are distributed
across the city, and reveals areas of concentration of values (darker tones
indicate higher values). Two darker spots show intensive values, respectively
the marketplace with the Mosque (bottom) and the “Campement”
area with multiple accommodations. Apart from the location of heritage
points of interest, the absence of visit charges at many locations and the
limited lodging facilities may in part explain the less intensive values found
elsewhere.
An important lesson learned from this test case is that, despite the fact that
GIS techniques require very large databases to perform at their best, it is still
meaningful to use this method on a digitalized base map, and to identify the
relevant vector elements given the available data.
Th e mapping exercise in Djenné reveals the economic impact of a particular
project; namely, the Mosque restoration assisted by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture.
Th e project employed local masons, apprentice masons, carpenters, wood
suppliers, potters, and water carriers. Construction teams are lodged in longterm
rental units or small hotels; eat at particular restaurants; hire cooks, guards,
carriers, and helpers; and purchase local building materials. Upon completion of
the project, the attractiveness of the Mosque has been enhanced, to be enjoyed
externally by foreigners (non-Muslims are not allowed inside the Mosque, and
this is likely to stay unchanged). A community center might be built in the city
and neighborhood of the Mosque to present and explain earthen architecture and