ECONOMICS UNIQUENESS

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180 ■ THE <strong>ECONOMICS</strong> OF <strong>UNIQUENESS</strong> Notes 1. It can be safely argued that the conservation and development of urban heritage areas is but a special case of the wider problem of rehabilitation of urban areas and faces fi nancial and institutional challenges similar to those confronted by brownfi eld development discussed by Francesca Medda in this book. 2. Note that resources were added from the rescue fund for monuments (FONSAL). 3. Th e CCHQ undertook a wide variety of investments to attain this objective. 4. Th is challenge may aff ect the governance mechanism of the conservation process. Public administration has very few instruments to counter this trend. It can either increase taxes on properties over a certain price or acquire them by eminent domain if a public need can be demonstrated. Both alternatives are diffi cult to traverse. Th e government can also expand the public-partnership eff orts of the past and try to lure owners to contribute properties into projects by off ering expedient approval processes and risk capital for their development. 5. Oft en, owners neglect or even abandon their listed heritage in the hope that physical decay will force local authorities to order the property’s demolition and free owners from their obligations to preserve it. Worse yet, once the heritage property is ruined, this may free the owners from any legal impediment to develop the land and allow them to sell the valuable parcel of land where the heritage structure stood before. References Bell, S., ed. 2002. Economic Governance and Institutional Dynamics. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Carson, R., R. C. Mitchell, and M. Conaway. 2002. “Economic Benefi ts to Foreigners Visiting Morocco Accruing from the Rehabilitation of the Fez Medina.” In Valuing Cultural Heritage, S. Navrud and R. Ready, eds. Cheltenham: Elgar. Dalmau, J. A. 1998. “Renovación del Centro Histórico de Barcelona.” In La Ciudad del Siglo XXI. Experiencias Existosas de Gestión del Desarrollo Urbano en América Latina, ed. E. Rojas and R. Daughters. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank. De la Torre, M., ed. 2002. Assessing the Values of Cultural Heritage. Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute Research Report. Getty Conservation Institute. 2000. Th e Values and Heritage Conservation. Los Angeles: Research Report. Jaramillo, P. 2011. “Quito.” In City Development: Th e Experiences of Ten World Heritage Sites, ed. E. Rojas and F. Lanzafame. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank. Klamer, A., and W. Zuidhof. 1988. “Th e Values of Cultural Heritage: Merging Economic and Cultural Appraisals.” In Economics and Heritage Conservation. Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute. Mendes Zancheti, S., and J. Gabriel. 2011. “Salvador de Bahia.” In City Development: Th e Experiences of Ten World Heritage Sites, ed. E. Rojas and F. Lanzafame. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank.
GOVERNANCE IN HISTORIC CITY CORE REGENERATION PROJECTS ■ 181 Mourato, S., and M. Mazzanti. 2002. “Economic Valuation of Cultural Heritage: Evidence and Prospects.” In Assessing the Values of Cultural Heritage, ed. M. De la Torre et al., 51–76. Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute Research Report. OMA. 2010. “Cronocaos.” Offi ce of Metropolitan Architecture and Rem Koolhaas Exhibit at the Venice Biennial. Peacok, A., and I. Rizzo. 2008. Th e Heritage Game: Economics, Policy and Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Quartessan, A., and M. Romis. 2011. “Oaxaca.” In City Development: Th e Experiences of Ten World Heritage Sites, ed. E. Rojas and F. Lanzafame. Washington, DC: Inter- American Development Bank. Rojas, E. 1999. Old Cities New Assets: Preserving Latin America’s Urban Heritage. Baltimore: Th e Johns Hopkins University Press. Rojas, E. 2004. Volver al Centro. La Recuperación de Areas Urbanas Centrales. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank. Rojas, E. 2012. “Government Interventions in Latin American World Heritage Sites.” PhD thesis, Department of Architecture, Urbanism and Arts of the Universida de Lusofona de Humanidades e Teconolgias, Lisboa. Rojas, E., and R. Daughters, eds. 1998. La Ciudad del Siglo XXI. Experiencias Existosas de Gestión del Desarrollo Urbano en América Latina. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank. Rojas, E., and F. Lanzafame, eds. 2011. City Development: Th e Experiences of Ten World Heritage Sites. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank. Rojas, E., and C. Moura Castro. 1999. “Lending for Urban Heritage Conservation: Issues and Opportunities”. Sustainable Development Department, Technical Papers (SOC- 105), Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank. Th rosby, D. 2002. “Cultural Capital and Sustainability Concepts in the Economics of Cultural Heritage.” In Assessing the Values of Cultural Heritage, ed. M. De la Torre et al., 101–117. Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute Research Report. Trivelli, P., and Y. Nikimura. 2011. “Valparaiso.” In City Development: Th e Experiences of Ten World Heritage Sites, ed. E. Rojas and F. Lanzafame. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank. United Nations Educational, Scientifi c and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). 1972. Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. Paris: UNESCO.
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Public Disclosure Authorized Public
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Th e Urban Development Series discu
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© 2012 International Bank for Reco
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vi ■ CONTENTS Project Appraisal i
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viii ■ CONTENTS Appendix II: Addi
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x ■ CONTENTS 7.4 Tourism Is Coupl
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xii ■ CONTENTS 9.1 How to Organiz
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Exegi monumentum aere perennius reg
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ■ xvii Cultural O
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xx ■ OVERVIEW What Are the Object
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xxii ■ OVERVIEW and captures the
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xxiv ■ OVERVIEW periphery, especi
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xxvi ■ OVERVIEW tourism—by impr
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xxviii ■ OVERVIEW 3. Institutiona
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1 Livable Historic City Cores and E
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LIVABLE HISTORIC CITY CORES AND ENA
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2 Investing in the Sense of Place:
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INVESTING IN THE SENSE OF PLACE ■
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0 45° INVESTING IN THE SENSE OF PL
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FIGURE 2.4 continued INVESTING IN T
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A Dubious Alternative: Property Rec
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46 ■ THE ECONOMICS OF UNIQUENESS
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TABLE 4.1 Overview of Hedonic Price
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FINANCIAL MECHANISMS FOR HISTORIC C
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Boxes, fi gures, maps, notes, and t
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China. See also specifi c cities ac
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public sector role, 222-26, 223b, 2
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Kraay, A., 198 Kratz, C. G., 96 L l
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Pine Ridge Reservation (U.S.), 238
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Shaoxing, China, local residents re
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urban economics appraisal approach,
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ECO-AUDIT Environmental Benefits St
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ECONOMICS UNIQUENESS

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