Exploring patient participation in reducing health-care-related safety risks

Exploring patient participation in reducing health-care-related safety risks
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Table 3 .3 . Association between beliefs related to patient participation to improve HCWs’
hand hygiene compliance and patients’ intention to ask HCWs whether they performed
hand hygiene
Beliefs
Proportion
(%) of
respondents
Intend to ask nurses Intend to ask physicians
95% CI
Proportion
95% CI
OR
Lower Upper
p (%) of
respondents
OR
Lower Upper
Do you think that patients asking caregivers to wash their hands would prevent the acquisition of infection in the
hospital?
No 20.3 1.000 25.0 1.000
Yes 79.7 2.511 1.118 5.637 0.026 75.0 1.610 0.737 3.515 0.232
Do you intend to remind your physician/nurse to wash her/his hands the next time you observe that (s)he had forgotten
to do so?
No 32.2 1.000 31.7 1.000
Yes 67.8 3.509 1.667 7.388 0.001 68.3 3.753 1.777 7.926 0.001
If your physician/nurse asked you to remind her/him to wash her/his hands the next time you observe that (s)he had
forgotten, would you intend to do so?
No 8.5 8.3
Yes 91.5 3.600 1.226 10.567 0.020 91.7 3.745 1.275 10.994 0.016
Source: based on data from the multivariate analysis discussed throughout this chapter and Longtin et al. (17).
Table 3 .4 . Reasons for not intending to ask HCWs whether they performed hand hygiene
Reason
No intention to ask nurses No intention to ask physicians
No. of
responses
%
No. of
responses
Belief that this task is not the patient’s role 36 56.3 35 55.6
Feeling of embarrassment or awkwardness 44 68.8 43 68.3
Perception of being impolite, disrespectful, dishonest 43 67.2 41 65.1
Belief that caregivers know or should know 46 71.9 42 66.7
Fear of reprisals 36 56.3 33 52.4
Perception of not knowing when to intervene or not
knowing the indications for hand hygiene
32 50.0 30 47.6
Belief that HCWs can be trusted 48 75.0 48 76.2
Refusal to judge caregivers’ work 34 53.1 33 52.4
Perception that this intervention is too “daring” 43 67.2 41 65.1
Source: based on data from the multivariate analysis discussed throughout this chapter and Longtin et al. (17).
It is important to note that there were no interventions promoting patient participation
in the health care settings at the time of the study. This explains the results and
underlines the need for immediate action in this area.
Objectives for future work are to extend activities aiming to implement a safety culture,
including:
» developing training programmes and modules for patients (including the role of
hand hygiene for HAI reduction);
» encouraging caregivers to use the model of “an explicit invitation” to enhance their
role; and
%
p