Exploring patient participation in reducing health-care-related safety risks
Exploring patient participation in reducing health-care-related safety risks
Exploring patient participation in reducing health-care-related safety risks
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Blood transfusion <strong>safety</strong> <strong>in</strong> France: develop<strong>in</strong>g tools to support <strong>patient</strong>s<br />
Although the global trend of <strong>patient</strong> <strong>in</strong>formation delivery is quite low, practices differ<br />
between <strong>care</strong> sett<strong>in</strong>gs. Expert 12 provided some detail on these differences: “Information<br />
is given <strong>in</strong> a more systematic way (up to 80%) <strong>in</strong> private hospitals for planned surgeries.<br />
In public hospitals, overall <strong>in</strong>formation is provided less, even though <strong>in</strong>formation<br />
given <strong>in</strong> a preoperative sett<strong>in</strong>g by anaesthetists is more systematic. Post-transfusion<br />
<strong>in</strong>formation is not sufficient, except for paediatrics and haematology units.”<br />
Most of the experts stated that general transfusion <strong>in</strong>formation given to <strong>patient</strong>s is to<br />
some extent not adapted to their needs. Several obstacles h<strong>in</strong>der<strong>in</strong>g efficient <strong>patient</strong>–<br />
provider communication and <strong>in</strong>formation must therefore be addressed, such as:<br />
» lack of time (experts 1, 3, 11)<br />
» <strong>health</strong> <strong>care</strong> professionals’ work overload (Expert 1)<br />
» medical doctors’ difficulty <strong>in</strong> talk<strong>in</strong>g about <strong>risks</strong> (Expert 15)<br />
» ignorance over the responsibility to <strong>in</strong>form (Expert 9)<br />
» lack of f<strong>in</strong>ancial and human resources (Expert 14)<br />
» lack of tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g (Expert 14).<br />
Expert 6 expla<strong>in</strong>ed that “<strong>health</strong> <strong>care</strong> professionals should learn how to <strong>in</strong>form better and<br />
to adapt <strong>in</strong>formation, which otherwise could lead to stress”.<br />
Expert <strong>in</strong>terviews revealed differences <strong>in</strong> the tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g of nurses and medical doctors<br />
<strong>in</strong> the field of <strong>patient</strong> <strong>in</strong>formation applied to blood transfusion. Nurses appear to be<br />
tra<strong>in</strong>ed on the modalities of <strong>patient</strong> <strong>in</strong>formation <strong>in</strong> this field, while this is automatically<br />
considered “part of doctors’ culture to <strong>in</strong>form <strong>patient</strong>s about each medical procedure”<br />
(experts 2, 6 and 7). While <strong>in</strong>terns are rem<strong>in</strong>ded of the importance of provid<strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>in</strong>formation to <strong>patient</strong>s before start<strong>in</strong>g practice (Expert 3), it appears to be difficult to<br />
tra<strong>in</strong> doctors on this issue and it is not considered a priority (Expert 9). Consequently,<br />
doctors tend to adopt an approach largely focused on pathology rather than on the<br />
<strong>in</strong>dividual (experts 8 and 13). The need to enhance doctors’ tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g on the modalities of<br />
<strong>in</strong>formation provision to <strong>patient</strong>s (experts 6 and 12) and on the relational aspects of <strong>care</strong><br />
was highlighted by several experts. Thieblemont et al. (24) support the idea that tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g<br />
for doctors on the communication of <strong>risks</strong> to <strong>patient</strong>s should be developed.<br />
Such <strong>in</strong>itiatives are already be<strong>in</strong>g developed and/or implemented locally, with guidel<strong>in</strong>es<br />
on <strong>patient</strong> communication (Expert 6) and conferences and meet<strong>in</strong>gs (mostly directed<br />
at anaesthetists and haematologists (experts 7 and 9)) be<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>troduced to fill identified<br />
gaps. Provision of <strong>in</strong>formation to <strong>patient</strong>s will soon become a compulsory part of<br />
medical doctors’ curriculum (Expert 4).<br />
Suggestions to improve <strong>in</strong>formation provided to <strong>patient</strong>s<br />
An <strong>in</strong>novative approach to compil<strong>in</strong>g and provid<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>formation to <strong>patient</strong>s is needed.<br />
This would imply start<strong>in</strong>g with <strong>patient</strong>s’ needs (<strong>patient</strong> centredness), coproduc<strong>in</strong>g<br />
the <strong>in</strong>formation (which can be shared with all actors <strong>in</strong> the <strong>health</strong> <strong>care</strong> cha<strong>in</strong>) and<br />
encourag<strong>in</strong>g <strong>patient</strong>s to become <strong>in</strong>volved <strong>in</strong> their <strong>care</strong>. Information tools need to<br />
be validated by users (Expert 10). Coproduction of <strong>in</strong>formation tools with <strong>patient</strong>s’<br />
organizations, <strong>health</strong> <strong>care</strong> professionals and <strong>patient</strong>s (experts 10, 8, 14 and 11) seems<br />
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