Radioactive Waste Disposal at Sea: Public Ideas ... - IMO

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Explaining Regime Change 169 al. 1995, pp. 52–53); this illustrates that ENGOs can influence regime development by producing ideas and systems of thought that become accepted as parts of the intellectual foundation of environmental regimes. Again, it might become apparent that this form of ENGO influence varies in a systematic fashion from one environmental issue area to another and among ENGOs. The four hypotheses about the roles of ENGOs do not presume that ENGOs are powerful and influential in global environmental politics while states are powerless and without influence, or the reverse; instead they shed light on subtler but nonetheless important relationships among ENGOs, states, and epistemic communities. It should be expected that the ENGOs that perform all four roles are the most influential ones. Moreover, an ENGO’s capacity to influence regime development depends on its organizational resources (staff, finances, expertise, etc.) and on its strategy. 26 The four hypotheses differ significantly from those of prominent approaches to regime analysis, and to some extent also from recent studies on ENGOs and international environmental politics. Conclusions I have shown that the case of the global radwaste disposal ban contradicts claims made about regime change in power-based, interest-based, and knowledge-based regime analyses. I have, in addition, shown that the empirical findings do not confirm propositions suggested by prominent recent studies of ENGOs and international environmental politics. To gain a better grasp of the sources of ENGOs’ influence on international environmental regimes, I have suggested four hypotheses as to how ENGOs influence regime development by mobilizing international public opinion, building transnational environmental coalitions, monitoring compliance, and advocating a precautionary approach to environmental protection. The case of radwaste disposal raises some fundamental questions about the roles of ENGOs and, more generally, whether some environmental issue areas and regimes are particularly susceptible to the involvement of ENGOs. The four hypotheses about ENGOs’ roles in regime development are supported by this case and by other cases. The significance of ENGOs’ monitoring of government policies and regimes is noted in some of the analytical literature on ENGOs, but it is not fully acknowledged that ENGOs
170 Chapter 9 influence regime development by mobilizing international public opinion, building transnational coalitions, and advocating preventive actions and environmental protection. Recent studies have focused attention on ENGOs, but regime change and interaction between ENGOs, states, and epistemic communities will require further examination. Clearly, single-actor explanations of regime development will not be sufficient. It will also be useful for analysts to think about different stages of regime change and, more broadly, about different processes of regime change. Comparative empirical research on international environmental regimes will be useful to examine the four hypotheses about ENGOs’ roles in environmental regimes and international environmental politics.
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Radioactive Waste Disposal at Sea P
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Global Environmental Accord: Strate
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© 2001 Massachusetts Institute of
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Series Foreword A new recognition o
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x Preface International Climate and
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1 Introduction In this book I seek
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Introduction 3 aimed to identify ca
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Introduction 5 that I document cont
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Introduction 7 may not fit easily i
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Introduction 9 many regime analysts
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Introduction 11 broad range of nons
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Introduction 13 international organ
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Introduction 15 caught my attention
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Introduction 17 my understanding of
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Introduction 19 prohibition even th
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22 Chapter 2 it enters the body, th
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24 Chapter 2 most important being r
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26 Chapter 2 (McDougal and Burke 19
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28 Chapter 2 mainly disposed of in
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30 Chapter 2 In 1983, in response t
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32 Chapter 2 Table 2.3 Status of lo
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34 Chapter 2 In a world searching f
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36 Chapter 3 War, Machiavelli’s T
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38 Chapter 3 of international organ
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40 Chapter 3 constructed. For examp
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42 Chapter 3 order to pave the way
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44 Chapter 3 It seems quite plausib
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46 Chapter 3 constrained to take ca
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48 Chapter 3 change. For instance,
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50 Chapter 3 involving large number
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52 Chapter 3 begin.” The consumer
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54 Chapter 3 advocate policies only
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56 Chapter 3 for a regime that refl
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4 Scientific Advice and Ocean Dumpi
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Knowledge-Based Regime Analysis 61
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5 Ocean Dumping and U.S Domestic Po
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Power-Based Regime Analysis 75 seri
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Power-Based Regime Analysis 77 Grou
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Power-Based Regime Analysis 79 the
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Power-Based Regime Analysis 81 said
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Power-Based Regime Analysis 83 be t
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Power-Based Regime Analysis 85 Poll
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6 Negotiating the Global Ocean Dump
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Interest-Based Regime Analysis 89 e
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Interest-Based Regime Analysis 91 S
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Interest-Based Regime Analysis 93 c
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Interest-Based Regime Analysis 95 1
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Interest-Based Regime Analysis 97 v
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Interest-Based Regime Analysis 99 s
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Interest-Based Regime Analysis 101
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7 Explaining Regime Formation Build
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Explaining Regime Formation 111 ori
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Explaining Regime Formation 113 dem
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Explaining Regime Formation 115 Tim
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Explaining Regime Formation 117 Pow
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Page 184 and 185: 10 Conclusion Since the 1960s a num
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Page 209 and 210: 196 Key Events 1993 Results of stud
Page 211 and 212: 198 Notes to pp. 5-18 12. The Conve
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Page 225 and 226: 212 Notes to pp. 82-83 September 9,
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220 Notes to pp. 122-127 the Pacifi
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222 Notes to pp. 134-135 Draft Envi
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224 Notes to pp. 140-145 36. Hollis
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226 Notes to pp. 150-158 73. See LC
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228 Notes to pp. 165-182 19. “The
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230 Notes to pp. 189-192 24. The LC
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232 References Birnie, Patricia W.,
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234 References Cooper, Richard N. 1
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236 References Finnemore, Martha, a
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238 References Haas, Peter M. 1990a
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240 References Jervis, R. 1976. Per
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242 References LDC. 1983b. Critical
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244 References Miles, Edward L. 198
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246 References Pearson, Charles S.
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248 References Rosenau, James N. 19
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250 References Spiller, Judith, and
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252 References U.S. Senate. 1971. O
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Interviews Cited Aarkrog, Asker, He
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258 Index Environmental nongovernme
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260 Index Oceanic Society, 135 Ocea
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