Radioactive Waste Disposal at Sea: Public Ideas ... - IMO

224 Notes to pp. 140–145
36. Hollister criticized the misinterpretation of his scientific work on the geological
effects of deep sea currents by Davis et al. Hollister was one of the chief American
spokespersons of sub-seabed disposal of high-level radioactive wastes. For an example
of Hollister’s many publications on this waste disposal option, see Hinga et al.
1982. On Hollister’s involvement in this issue, see Miles et al. 1985, pp. 21–23.
37. See NACOA 1984.
38. See also “London Dumping Convention—7th Consultative Meeting,”
Environmental Policy and Law 10 (1983): 83–85.
39. None of the few developing countries producing radioactive waste conducted
ocean dumping.
40. See also Short 1984, pp. 14–18.
41. In 1984 a French cargo vessel carrying nuclear waste sank in the English
Channel.
42. On the incident in the English Channel, see Wassermann 1985a, pp. 178–181.
43. See “Four Unions Back Ban on A-Waste Dumping,” The Guardian
(Manchester), April 7, 1983. See also Samstag 1983.
44. Many described the ship as “Greenpeace-proof.” See, e.g., Samstag 1983.
45. See Wright 1983a and Debelius 1983.
46. See Samstag 1985.
47. See “Boycott of Nuclear Dumping at Sea,” Times (London), September 10,
1983; “Slater Fears Nuclear Waste May be Dumped on Seabed in Submarine,” The
Guardian, September 10, 1983.
48. Blowers et al. 1991, p. 82.
49. A minor controversy among the four transport unions determined to stop the
dumping and the TUC took place prior to the positions of the transport unions and
the TUC were made public. See Edwards 1985.
50. See LDC 1984, pp. 17–33.
51. See Curtis 1984, pp. 68–69.
52. See “London Dumping Convention—7th Consultative Meeting,” Environmental
Policy and Law 10 (1983), pp. 83–85.
53. Invited experts should cover the following disciplines: radiological protection,
radiation biology, radioecology, radioactive waste management, modeling,
marine biology, physical oceanography, marine geochemistry, marine ecology,
marine geology.
54. “Introduction of Report Prepared by the Panel of Experts. The Disposal of
Low-Level Radioactive Waste at Sea. (Review of Scientific and Technical
Considerations),” LDC/PRAD.1/2/Add.2 (May 1, 1985), p. 17.
55. Upper bound signifies the maximum amount of total human irradiation permitted
from a certain source. On the question of risk to deep sea fauna, the report
stated: “The results obtained so far indicate that there is no risk of significant damage
to local populations of deep sea fauna at or near the North-East Atlantic dump
site.” (LDC. 1985d, p. 137)