Radioactive Waste Disposal at Sea: Public Ideas ... - IMO

210 Notes to pp. 75–78
10. See also Sen. William Roth Jr. in Congressional Record: Senate (April 1, 1971),
p. 9209; Rep. Dante Fascell, “Statement,” in U.S. House of Representatives, Ocean
Dumping of Waste Materials, pp. 137–141; Sen. Ernest Hollings, Congressional
Record: Senate, May 12, 1971, p. 14667.
11. Sen. Ernest Hollings, in U.S. Senate, Subcommittee on Oceans and Atmosphere
of the Committee on Commerce, International Conference on Ocean Pollution:
October 18 and November 8, 1971 (92nd Congress, 2nd session), p. 40.
12. Sen. William Roth Jr., letter to President Nixon, October 13, 1970, reprinted
in Congressional Record: Senate, April 1, 1971, p. 9209.
13. In addition to a number of unidentified representatives of foreign governments,
the ambassadors of Spain, South Africa, Honduras, Barbados, and Portugal were
present.
14. Scott Carpenter, Jacques Cousteau, Christian Herter, Mark Morton, Barry
Commoner, Hugh Downs, and Thor Heyerdahl participated in this conference.
15. U.S. House of Representatives, Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife
Conservation and the Subcommittee on Oceanography of the Committee on
Merchant Marine and Fisheries, Ocean Dumping of Waste Materials: April 5, 6, 7,
1971 (92nd Congress, 1st session), p. 163. On the planned French dumping in the
Mediterranean, see “Atomic Disposal Alarms Riviera,” New York Times, October
11, 1960; “Riviera Resorts Threaten Strike,” New York Times, October 12, 1960;
and “France to Delay Atomic Disposal,” New York Times, October 13, 1960. On
Cousteau’s involvement in the French anti-nuclear movement, see Nelkin and Pollak
1981, p. 91.
16. See Schachter and Serwer 1971, p. 90. The Joint Group of Experts on the
Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution (GESAMP) was established by several specialized
agencies of the United Nations in 1969.
17. Sen. Ernest Hollings, in U.S. Senate, Subcommittee on Oceans and Atmosphere
of the Committee on Commerce, International Conference on Ocean Pollution:
October 18 and November 8, 1971 (92nd Congress, 2nd session), p. 40.
18. On Barry Commoner, see Goodell 1975, pp. 60–69.
19. Hollings, International Conference on Ocean Pollution, p. 71.
20. International Conference on Ocean Pollution, p. 126.
21. See Congressional Record: House, November 9, 1971, pp. 40233–40235.
Many statements given by Heyerdahl at U.S. hearings and the Stockholm conference
were reprinted in the Congressional Record.
22. The New York Times had an apocalyptic editorial line. A few weeks earlier
(October 24), its Sunday magazine had published an article by Michael Harwood
titled “We Are Killing the Sea Around Us.” The latter article’s daunting conclusions
were characteristic of the time: “‘Lake Erie may or may not be restored within 50
years,’ Dr. Max Blumer of Woods Hole wrote last December, ‘but a polluted ocean
will remain irreversibly damaged for many generations.’ And who would care to
argue that a dead ocean would not mean a dead planet?”
23. See, e.g., Christenson 1976, p. 2.